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This report describes the development of an implicit, viscous method for the solution of the quasi-three-dimensional flow equations for rotor-stator interaction in transonic turbomachinery. The flow algorithm is described, followed by the implicit time-marching scheme, and the one-equation turbulence model. The algorithm is implemented on an unstructured grid arrangement of locally structured micro-blocks called 'patches.' Solution-dependent adaptation is used to refine the grid in regions containing flow features which require enhanced resolution. An overlapped sliding grid interface is used to transfer flow equation information between the respective blade grids. The resulting computational algorithm has been used to perform a number of validation exercises and has been demonstrated on a modern transonic turbine stage. Where possible, these results are compared with experimental data and show the ability of the method to accurately capture the unsteady flow physics in a robust and computationally efficient manner.
The first International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aero elasticity of Turbomachines was held in Paris in 1976, and was followed by symposia at Lausanne in 1980, Cambridge in 1984, Aachen in 1987, Bei jing in 1989, and Notre Dame in 1991. The proceedings published following these symposia have become recognized both as basic reference texts in the subject area and as useful guides to progress in the field. It is hoped that this volume, which represents the proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics of Turbomachines, will continue that tradition. Interest in the unsteady aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, and aeroelasticity of turbomachines has been growing rapidly since the Paris symposium. This expanded interest is reflected by a significant increase in the numbers of contributed papers and symposium participants. The timeliness of the topics has always been an essential objective of these symposia. Another important objective is to promote an international exchange between scien tists and engineers from universities, government agencies, and industry on the fascinating phenomena of unsteady turbomachine flows and how they affect the aeroelastic stability of the blading system and cause the radiation of unwanted noise. This exchange acts as a catalyst for the development of new analytical and numerical models along with carefully designed ex periments to help understand the behavior of such systems and to develop predictive tools for engineering applications.
Over the past three decades, information in the aerospace and mechanical engineering fields in general and turbomachinery in particular has grown at an exponential rate. Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery is the first book, in one complete volume, to bring together the modern approaches and advances in the field, providing the most up-to-date, unified treatment available on basic principles, physical aspects of the aerothermal field, analysis, performance, theory, and computation of turbomachinery flow and heat transfer. Presenting a unified approach to turbomachinery fluid dynamics and aerothermodynamics, the book concentrates on the fluid dynamic aspects of flows and thermodynamic considerations rather than on those related to materials, structure, or mechanical aspects. It covers the latest material and all types of turbomachinery used in modern-day aircraft, automotive, marine, spacecraft, power, and industrial applications; and there is an entire chapter devoted to modern approaches on computation of turbomachinery flow. An additional chapter on turbine cooling and heat transfer is unique for a turbomachinery book. The author has undertaken a systematic approach, through more than three hundred illustrations, in developing the knowledge base. He uses analysis and data correlation in his discussion of most recent developments in this area, drawn from over nine hundred references and from research projects carried out by various organizations in the United States and abroad. This book is extremely useful for anyone involved in the analysis, design, and testing of turbomachinery. For students, it can be used as a two-semester course of senior undergraduate or graduate study: the first semester dealing with the basic principles and analysis of turbomachinery, the second exploring three-dimensional viscid flows, computation, and heat transfer. Many sections are quite general and applicable to other areas in fluid dynamics and heat transfer. The book can also be used as a self-study guide to those who want to acquire this knowledge. The ordered, meticulous, and unified approach of Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery should make the specialization of turbomachinery in aerospace and mechanical engineering much more accessible to students and professionals alike, in universities, industry, and government. Turbomachinery theory, performance, and analysis made accessible with a new, unified approach For the first time in nearly three decades, here is a completely up-to-date and unified approach to turbomachinery fluid dynamics and aerothermodynamics. Combining the latest advances, methods, and approaches in the field, Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery features: The most comprehensive and complete coverage of the fluid dynamics and aerothermodynamics of turbomachinery to date A spotlight on the fluid dynamic aspects of flows and the thermodynamic considerations for turbomachinery (rather than the structural or material aspects) A detailed, step-by-step presentation of the analytical and computational models involved, which allows the reader to easily construct a flowchart from which to operate Critical reviews of all the existing analytical and numerical models, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of each Comprehensive coverage of turbine cooling and heat transfer, a unique feature for a book on turbomachinery An appendix of basic computation techniques, numerous tables, and listings of common terminology, abbreviations, and nomenclature Broad in scope, yet concise, and drawing on the author's teaching experience and research projects for government and industry, Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery explains and simplifies an increasingly complex field. It is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in aerospace and mechanical engineering specializing in turbomachinery, for research and design engineers, and for all professionals who are—or wish to be—at the cutting edge of this technology.
Experimental data taken from turbine engines has shown that hot streaks exiting combustors can have a significant impact upon the secondary flow and will temperature of the first stage turbine rotor. Understanding the secondary flow and heat transfer effects due to combustor hot streaks is essential to turbine designers attempting to optimize turbine cooling systems. A numerical investigation has been performed which addresses the issues of multi-blade count ratio and three-dimensionality effects on the prediction of combustor hot streak migration in a turbine stage. The two- and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analyses developed by Rai et al are used to predict unsteady viscous rotor-stator interacting flow in the presence of a combustor hot streak with heat transfer and film cooling. Predicted results are presented for a two-dimensional 3-stator/4-rotor and a three-dimensional 1-stator/1-rotor simulations of streak migration through a turbine stage. Comparison of these results with experimental data demonstrates the capability of the three- dimensional procedure to capture most of the flow physics associated with hot streak migration including the effects of combustor hot streaks on turbine rotor surface temperatures.