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A significant contribution to the literature about American community colleges, this guide describes the community college system in each state in terms of its purpose, history, and the current status of its governance, funding, and enrollment. Forty-eight contributors, who are professional community college leaders, have written about the schools in their respective states. The coeditors all have substantial high-level administrative experience in individual community colleges or state community college systems. This publication provides valuable insights regarding how community colleges began in each state, their amazing growth in the 20th century, and the challenges they face as they enter the next millennium.
Presenting summary information on two-year postsecondary educational systems nationwide, this report describes educational structures in each state, except for South Dakota, which has no public two-year system. Chapters are divided by state, or by type of system for states with more than one system, providing comprehensive overviews of the structure, functions, and pertinent financial and enrollment data for each of the state systems of community, junior, and technical colleges. Each chapter is written, whenever possible, by the person most responsible for state-level coordination and governance of the community, junior, or technical college system in that state. For most chapters of the report, a summary of operations and mission is provided, followed by individual sections describing aspects of the history, governance structure, fiscal policies, educational programs, and enrollment. All sections conclude with an address and phone number for obtaining further information about the system. (PAA)
A revealing and often shocking new look at one of our most successful presidents—and how his policies reshaped our place on the world stage.
In the twentieth century, Americans have increasingly looked to the schools--and, in particular, to the nation's colleges and universities--as guardians of the cherished national ideal of equality of opportunity. With the best jobs increasingly monopolized by those with higher education, the opportunity to attend college has become an integral part of the American dream of upward mobility. The two-year college--which now enrolls more than four million students in over 900 institutions--is a central expression of this dream, and its invention at the turn of the century constituted one of the great innovations in the history of American education. By offering students of limited means the opportunity to start higher education at home and to later transfer to a four-year institution, the two-year school provided a major new pathway to a college diploma--and to the nation's growing professional and managerial classes. But in the past two decades, the community college has undergone a profound change, shifting its emphasis from liberal-arts transfer courses to terminal vocational programs. Drawing on developments nationwide as well as in the specific case of Massachusetts, Steven Brint and Jerome Karabel offer a history of community colleges in America, explaining why this shift has occurred after years of student resistance and examining its implications for upward mobility. As the authors argue in this exhaustively researched and pioneering study, the junior college has always faced the contradictory task of extending a college education to the hitherto excluded, while diverting the majority of them from the nation's four-year colleges and universities. Very early on, two-year college administrators perceived vocational training for "semi-professional" work as their and their students' most secure long-term niche in the educational hierarchy. With two thirds of all community college students enrolled in vocational programs, the authors contend that the dream of education as a route to upward mobility, as well as the ideal of equal educational opportunity for all, are seriously threatened. With the growing public debate about the state of American higher education and with more than half of all first-time degree-credit students now enrolled in community colleges, a full-scale, historically grounded examination of their place in American life is long overdue. This landmark study provides such an examination, and in so doing, casts critical light on what is distinctive not only about American education, but American society itself.