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Five African specialists examine Africa's five regions regarding changes in U.S.-Africa relations as a consequence of the demise of the global Cold War. The separate chapters review Africa's five regions, as well as provide prospects for U.S. relations with Africa in a climate without soviet strategic competition.
Five African specialists examine Africa's five regions regarding changes in U.S.-Africa relations as a consequence of the demise of the global Cold War. The separate chapters review Africa's five regions, as well as provide prospects for U.S. relations with Africa in a climate without soviet strategic competition.
United States-Africa relations have experienced four major cycles. The first cycle was during the Cold War(1960-1990). During this period, the U.S. developed a one-sided relationship with various African states in which the latter served as "foot soldiers" for the U.S. in its competition with the Soviet Union for global domination. Among other things, the various client African states provided the U.S. with access to airfields, deep water ports and sites for the establishment of various intelligence gathering facilities. In addition, the U.S. used various groups like UNITA led by Jonas Savimbi in Angola to undermine and fight pro-Soviet regimes on the continent. The second cycle of the relationship covered the period 1991-1998. During this time, the U.S. scaled down its security activities in Africa. The major reason was that with the end of the Cold War Africa(with few exceptions like Egypt) was no longer a major front for the promotion of U.S. Security interests. The third cycle commenced in 1998 and ended in 2001. This period was characterized by the U.S.’ search for an approach to frame its security relations with Africa. In this vein, the U.S. undertook various military-security initiatives . The fourth cycle began after the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the American homeland. Since then, the U.S. has expanded the scope of its security relations with Africa, as reflected in the establishment of various initiatives and programs. At the core is the prosecution of the American "war on terror." Against this backdrop, this book examines some of the major dimensions of the U.S.’ security relations with Africa, including American security interests on the continent, the "war on terror," AFRICOM, and military cooperation. Using the book’s integrative theoretical framework, each of the chapters in the volume examines the various factors that shape the issue of focus.
Addressing one of the most salient issues of our time, the contributors to this volume-- both African specialists and policy generalists-- examine current African issues and their implications for U.S. Policy. Their essays were generated for a Council on Foreign Relations study group on U.S. policy toward Africa which met in Washington, D.C., under the chairmanship of Senator Dick Clark, in the winter and spring of 1977-- just as the outlines of the Carter Administration's new policy toward Africa were becoming apparent. Together they cover the principal areas of intersection between U.S. interests and African political and economic dynamics in the context of subSaharan Africa as a whole, for despite the particular urgency of developments in southern Africa, the U.S. posture there cannot be viewed in isolation from relationships on the rest of the continent. Thus, U.S. economic and strategic interests in southern Africa are ranged against on the rest of the continent and on U.S. relationships with black Africa are explored in detail. In the opening section, Jennifer Seymour Whitaker describes "The African Setting," briefly outlining the history of U.S.-African relations since the African Independence movements. She discusses the latter-day Kissinger policy toward Africa and shifts in U.S. policy with the advent of the Carter Administration. Gordon Bertolin of U.S. AID reviews U.S. economic interests in southern and black Africa, analyzing the use of American economic leverage to achieve political ends and the extent to which economic interests should determine U.S. political behavior. In his essay, Guy Erb, Staff Member of the National Security Council, assesses Africa's rolein the Third World drive for a New International Economic Order and suggests appropriate U.S. responses. An overview of African policies and potential political problems, including an exposition of what is happening in the Horn of Africa, Nigeria, Zaire, Kenya and Sahara is provided by I. William Zartman, Professor of Politics at New York University. Andrew Nagorski, Newsweek International'sAsian Editor and former Assistant Managing Editor, focuses on the importance of South Africa to U.S. policy in the region and outlines a policy of increasing pressure on the white regime. Geoffrey Kemp, Professor of Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, assesses U.S. strategic interests particularly regarding the Horn of Africa and the Cape Route in relation to internal political developments in the area, as well as possible Soviet strategies of intervention or preemption. Soviet interests and the probable military role of the U.S.S.R. in Africa are analyzed by Robert Legvold, Director of the U.S.-Soviet Relations Project at the Council on Foreign Relations. In conclusion, Ms. Whitaker sets forth guidelines for a coherent U.S. policy toward Africa, balancing the variety of U.S. interests and policy options.
Comprehensive and engaging, this timely introduction to Africa’s international relations explores how power, interests, and ideas influence interactions both among the continent’s states and between African states and other actors in the global arena. How has history shaped the international relations of African states and peoples? What role does identity play? How are foreign policies linked to domestic political dynamics, and especially to the pursuit of regime security? How are states grappling with the tensions between sovereignty and external pressures? These are among the questions answered as the authors address a wide range of ongoing and emerging challenges, all in historical and theoretical context. In addition, a case study at the end of each chapter illustrates key concepts and reflects an ongoing debate. The result is an ideal text for students, as well as an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers. -- ‡c From publisher's description.
Ambassador Daniel H. Simpson addresses the question of U.S. interests in Africa and past, present, and future U.S. policy toward that continent of more than 50 countries and 800 million people on an analytic basis, followed by clear recommendations. His presentation of U.S. strategic interests in Africa permits clear analysis of the present and logical planning of future policy and actions. His message, in addition to being an introspective examination of U.S. policy, is forward-looking. He seeks to lay the basis for a long-term, sustainable U.S. policy toward Africa based on both solid economic and commercial concerns--Africa as a supplier and a market--and on the real cultural ties that link what is core to America and the people of the African continent.