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The creation of jobs is critical in Third World countries where growing populations face unemployment or inadequate employment. Many have put forth theories and suggestions that address this problem, but there has been insufficient empirical analysis of the effects of specific policies on employment growth. The author examines macroeconomic theories of labour market behavior and labour force definitions and concepts, assessing how productive they are in formulating employment strategies for Colombia. The implications of a range of alternative policies for generating jobs, their effectiveness in reducing unemployment, and possible programs for the future are analyzed.
The turn of the century has been a moment of rapid urbanization. Much of this urban growth is taking place in the cities of the developing world and much of it in informal settlements. This book presents cutting-edge research from various world regions to demonstrate these trends. The contributions reveal that informal housing is no longer the domain of the urban poor; rather it is a significant zone of transactions for the middle-class and even transnational elites. Indeed, the book presents a rich view of "urban informality" as a system of regulations and norms that governs the use of space and makes possible new forms of social and political power. The book is organized as a "transnational" endeavor. It brings together three regional domains of research--the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia--that are rarely in conversation with one another. It also unsettles the hierarchy of development and underdevelopment by looking at some First World processes of informality through a Third World research lens.
The growth and expansion of cities and the transition from a rural to an urban society are among the most critical links between population change and economic development. On the one hand, migration is one of the fundamental demographic processes associated with changes in the population of urban places; the changing distribution of population be
This important Handbook reveals that most urban growth takes place in the less developed world and much of it represents over-urbanization that is, urbanization in which most migrants cannot effectively compete for employment, cannot find adequate shelter and do not have the means to feed themselves properly. Yet, compared to rural poverty, urban poverty is widely regarded as the lesser of the two evils. H.S. Geyer and his contributors highlight the enormous challenges posed by urbanization to decision makers at all levels of government. This final volume, in a series of three original reference works, covers four broad themes including: urban growth patterns; spatial issues; policy issues; and urban growth determinants. The chapters have been written not only for the advanced student and academics but also with undergraduate students in mind. The Handbook will appeal to scholars and researchers interested in international urban development issues.
Economic analysis of labour market and occupational structures in urban areas of developing countries - examines the impact of economic development and urbanization on labour supply and urban unemployment; includes a literature survey and evaluation of case studies of labour market segmentation, labour force participation and wage structure; tackles institutional framework, internal migration, labour mobility, etc. ILO mentioned. References, statistical tables.
Examining five key urban sectors of Bogata, Columbia --housing, transport, employment location, labor markets, and public finance--this book provides a well-written and concise summary of one of the largest research projects undertaken on a major city in a developing country.
This text is an introduction to the study of towns and cities. The book synthesizes a wealth of material to provide a comprehensive introduction for students of urban geography, drawing on a rich blend of theoretical and empirical information, to advance their knowledge of the city. For the first time in the history of humankind, urban dwellers outnumber rural residents and this trend is destined to continue. Urban places, towns and cities are of fundamental importance: for the distribution of population within countries; in the organization of economic production, distribution and exchange; in the structuring of social reproduction and cultural life; and in the allocation and exercise of power. Even those living beyond the administrative or functional boundaries of a town or city, will have their lifestyle influenced to some degree by a nearby or distant city.
Originally published in 1978 Urbanization and Labour Markets is a useful companion for those studying in geography, economics or development studies. The book provides a simple guide to the subject of labour in cities in underdeveloped countries. It also set out the major controversies relating to urban labour markets in developing countries and focuses in detail to work which goes on outside large-scale firms. Migration and population growth is considered in some detail and proposals for different ways of seeing the ‘informal’ sector are discussed. This book will be of use to undergraduates in the areas of geography, economics and development studies.