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The institutional endowment of a country determines government's regulatory choices, the public policies, incentives, and the direction of economic activities in the country and the level of the economic efficiency. The authors use this conceptual framework introduced by Levy and Spiller (1996) to examine how institutional endowment in Turkey influence economic and political structure. In this context, most elements of institutional endowments in Turkey are common to all sectors and reforms, (namely, legislative and executive institutions, nature of the judicial system, bureaucratic structure). They also observe the political economy of the change in Turkey. For that reason, they observe similarities and differences in the contests among groups with divergent interests for the different policy changes and reforms processes. Thus, they introduce a crucial guide for scholars, researchers, and investors around the world about the political and economic structure in Turkey
Adopting a political-economy perspective, this book is an original collection of research chapters that focus on Turkey’s economic-development experience from the nineteenth century to the present. It provides a systematic and chronological examination of Turkey’s major historical dynamics in the economic and socio-political spheres. The chapters are organized according to the consecutive phases of Turkey’s political-economic development. Each chapter not only reflects on the country-specific aspects of those development phases, but also clarifies the dependence of domestic-policy orientations on the dynamics of the world economy. As such, the book provides a historically-conscious, political-economic account of Turkey’s dependent-development experience. The book serves as a quality reference on the political economy of modern Turkey, bringing together fourteen prominent experts as contributing authors who have devoted their intellectual lives to the understanding and explanation of political-economic dynamics in both Turkey and the world. All contributors write on a historical period of the Turkish economy in which they are most specialized. This aspect of the book is a momentous advantage in the field of Turkey's political economy, enabling the highest degree of academic expertise to concentrate in each chapter.
The first comprehensive history of the Turkish economy The population and economy of the area within the present-day borders of Turkey has consistently been among the largest in the developing world, yet there has been no authoritative economic history of Turkey until now. In Uneven Centuries, Şevket Pamuk examines the economic growth and human development of Turkey over the past two hundred years. Taking a comparative global perspective, Pamuk investigates Turkey’s economic history through four periods: the open economy during the nineteenth-century Ottoman era, the transition from empire to nation-state that spanned the two world wars and the Great Depression, the continued protectionism and import-substituting industrialization after World War II, and the neoliberal policies and the opening of the economy after 1980. Making use of indices of GDP per capita, trade, wages, health, and education, Pamuk argues that Turkey’s long-term economic trends cannot be explained only by immediate causes such as economic policies, rates of investment, productivity growth, and structural change. Uneven Centuries offers a deeper analysis of the essential forces underlying Turkey’s development—its institutions and their evolution—to make better sense of the country’s unique history and to provide important insights into the patterns of growth in developing countries during the past two centuries.
The Political Economy of Regulation in Turkey brings together leading international scholars and experts on Turkey and regulatory reform to provide essential information on the recent Turkish experience and its relation to competition policy. After the 1980 liberalization reform, Turkey tried to introduce competition in many industries, but network industries have remained as monopolies. At the end of the 1990s, regulatory reform was initiated and independent regulatory agencies have been established by the government. Comprehensive discussions of these network industries, in particular airlines, electricity, natural gas, telecommunications and environment regulations, are offered. The contributors inquire how economic theory and historical analyses can enlighten the character of market processes and the role for government action in these industries, and the contributions shed light on the very recent changes in the regulatory structure and important legal cases that shape the future of regulated industries. This book discusses these issues in an international perspective and relates the Turkish experience to other similar countries, such as in Eastern Europe and Central America. This book serves as a useful guide to those who want to understand major changes in Turkey and regulatory reforms in other emerging markets, making it of interest to researchers and PhD students concerned with regulatory economics, the Turkish economy, and economic policy in emerging markets.
Adopting a political-economy perspective, this book is an original collection of research chapters that focus on Turkey's economic-development experience from the nineteenth century to the present. It provides a systematic and chronological examination of Turkey's major historical dynamics in the economic and socio-political spheres. The chapters are organized according to the consecutive phases of Turkey's political-economic development. Each chapter not only reflects on the country-specific aspects of those development phases, but also clarifies the dependence of domestic-policy orientations on the dynamics of the world economy. As such, the book provides a historically-conscious, political-economic account of Turkey's dependent-development experience. The book serves as a quality reference on the political economy of modern Turkey, bringing together fourteen prominent experts as contributing authors who have devoted their intellectual lives to the understanding and explanation of political-economic dynamics in both Turkey and the world. All contributors write on a historical period of the Turkish economy in which they are most specialized. This aspect of the book is a momentous advantage in the field of Turkey's political economy, enabling the highest degree of academic expertise to concentrate in each chapter. Emre Özçelik is a faculty member of the Economics Program at the Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus (METU-NCC). Political economy of development and the Turkish economy are two of his main research interests. Yonca Özdemir is a faculty member of the Political Science and International Relations Program at the Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus (METU-NCC). Her research examines the politics of economic reform, development theory and policy, globalization, economic crises, foreign aid, and populism. .
In a mere 70 years Turkey has multiplied its population by over four and its production by over 20, becoming virtually an industrial society. As late as 1950, four-fifths of its people were small farmers, living in villages and they were mostly illiterate. How does such rapid economic growth and radical national change affect, and how is it affected by, knowledge, assumptions, faith, practices, social relations and technical skills of those villagers, as they supply the millions of migrants who move into old and new urban occupations - to become unskilled and skilled workers, technicians, teachers, small businessmen or even top professionals and wealthy entrepreneurs?