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The Edwards and Trinity Aquifers supply over 700 million gallons per day (2.6 x 109 I/day) to the public; therefore, it is crucial to understand how water is lost from the Trinity and exchanged into the Edwards. This thesis addresses the following questions in the scope of Hays County, TX: How are gains and losses temporally and spatially distributed along the Blanco River? What controls the distribution of spring discharge contributing to gains along the Blanco River? Finally, what does this spatial and temporal distribution of gains, losses, and joints mean for available water resources? From a time-series analysis of gain-loss on the Blanco River, it is evident that coarse resolution gain-loss studies are not accurate enough to capture the flow dynamics of the river or to understand flow paths along the river, particularly after storm events. The coarse resolution studies miss out on spring discharge zones and on smaller, but significant recharge zones located within net-gain reaches. The detailed gain-loss study from November 2013 was compared to a detailed study conducted in January 1955; the comparison suggests that that gain-loss conditions change depending on flow conditions and that regions that serve as aquifer recharge zones during low flow conditions serve as discharge zones during high flow conditions, which may serve to offset water level declines in the aquifer at the beginning of a drought because recharge into the aquifer is sustained by flow in the Blanco River. Furthermore, when comparing the present method for estimating recharge (estimated as loss between two USGS gauges), using only the loss estimated by the gauges instead of a detailed gain-loss study is a significant underestimate (by 5 times) of the total amount of recharge entering the Edwards-Trinity system along the Blanco River. Finally, the structural analysis of fracture orientations suggests that the spring discharge fracture networks are actually joint networks controlled by both topography and the development of the Balcones Fault Zone. To conclude, both parts of this study have important implications for groundwater resources: understanding gain-loss dynamics provides an important dataset for Groundwater Availability Models and for conservation districts who must allocate water resources, and understanding the joint networks through which springs discharge could allow drillers to target high water yield fractures.
Selected papers from a symposium on A new Focus on Integrated Analysis of Groundwater-Surface Water Systems, held during the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, Italy, 11-13 July 2007.
Recent years have seen a paradigm shift in our understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions: surface water and aquifers were long considered discrete, separate entities; they are now understood as integral components of a surface–subsurface continuum. This book provides an overview of current research advances and innovative approaches in groundwater–surface water interactions. The 20 research articles and 1 communication cover a wide range of thematic scopes, scales, and experimental and modelling methods across different disciplines (hydrology, aquatic ecology, biogeochemistry, and environmental pollution). The book identifies current knowledge gaps and reveals the challenges in establishing standardized measurement, observation, and assessment approaches. It includes current hot topcis with environmental and societal relevance such as eutrophication, retention of legacy, and emerging pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals and microplastics), urban water interfaces, and climate change impacts. The book demonstrates the relevance of processes at groundwater–surface water interfaces for (1) regional water balances and (2) quality and quantity of drinking water resources. As such, this book represents the long-awaited transfer of the above-mentioned paradigm shift in understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions from science to practice.
This study investigates the interaction of the Trinity Aquifer with Cibolo Creek and the Guadalupe River within Kendal County, Texas. A program of water sampling and analysis was undertaken to characterize the water present within these three water bodies. The isotopic and geochemical data generated for each water body was then analyzed to determine possible interactions between the three bodies. Mixing models were used to analyze isotopic data to try and determine end member percent contributions to analyzed waters. Geochemical data on 17 parameters were analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques to determine clustering, groupings, similarities and differences between the analyzed water. From this analysis it was determined that Cibolo Creek bears little relation to the groundwater of the Trinity Aquifer and does not gain water from the aquifer. The similarity of water chemistry between the Guadalupe River and Trinity aquifer indicates that the Guadalupe River gains groundwater along at least some of its reach.
Recent years have seen a paradigm shift in our understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions: surface water and aquifers were long considered discrete, separate entities; they are now understood as integral components of a surface-subsurface continuum. This book provides an overview of current research advances and innovative approaches in groundwater-surface water interactions. The 20 research articles and 1 communication cover a wide range of thematic scopes, scales, and experimental and modelling methods across different disciplines (hydrology, aquatic ecology, biogeochemistry, and environmental pollution). The book identifies current knowledge gaps and reveals the challenges in establishing standardized measurement, observation, and assessment approaches. It includes current hot topcis with environmental and societal relevance such as eutrophication, retention of legacy, and emerging pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals and microplastics), urban water interfaces, and climate change impacts. The book demonstrates the relevance of processes at groundwater-surface water interfaces for (1) regional water balances and (2) quality and quantity of drinking water resources. As such, this book represents the long-awaited transfer of the above-mentioned paradigm shift in understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions from science to practice.
This book covers advances in the field of karst from a variety of perspectives to facilitate knowledge and promote interaction between disciplines. New methods are addressed that advance data collection, analysis, and interpretation in a wide range of karst contexts. Case studies are presented to provide examples of advancing science. Issues addressed include karst hydrogeology (water resources assessment, groundwater pollution and protection), methods to study karst aquifers (based on hydrodynamic, hydrochemistry, isotopes, dye tracing, geophysical surveys, and modeling techniques), karst geomorphology and landscape, mining and engineering in karst media (tunnels, dams, etc.), and karst cavities (touristic caves, natural heritage). This book is a resource for scientists around the world to compare problems, results, and solutions. Likewise, the examples included are used in policy decision making in karst regions. Finally, the contributions are used as a tool for university teaching.
The primary recharge source to the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer (BRAA), a water table aquifer in central Texas, is through direct precipitation on the floodplain. However, recharge provided by other sources, such as Brazos River tributaries crossing the alluvium is not well known. To quantify potential recharge from tributaries hydraulically connected to the BRAA and understand spatiotemporal interactions with the aquifer, Bullhide Creek was chosen due to its constant effluent discharge from a wastewater treatment plant and a 3-mile reach that interacts with the BRAA. Based on ionic and isotopic compositions, nutrient densities, and changes in flow measured throughout the studied reach, Bullhide Creek exhibits perennial streamflow after the wastewater contribution and gains flow from the BRAA during baseflow conditions. However, the creek may provide measurable recharge to the aquifer during periods of high flow through seepage to aquifer sediments adjacent to the channel and banks.