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Market reforms in Latin America have resulted in a variety of outcomes, which have often been disappointing. This books studies market reforms in eight key Latin American countries, aiming to shed light on the question of why similar policies have resulted in a variety of outcomes, ranging from outright failures to clear successes. The book focuses on policy implementation and the factors that impinge on the sustainability of market reforms. The findings provide a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate on the reasons for market reform 'fatigue'.
Market reforms in Latin America have resulted in a variety of outcomes, which have often been disappointing. This books studies market reforms in eight key Latin American countries, aiming to shed light on the question of why similar policies have resulted in a variety of outcomes, ranging from outright failures to clear successes. The book focuses on policy implementation and the factors that impinge on the sustainability of market reforms. The findings provide a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate on the reasons for market reform 'fatigue'.
Latin America suffered a profound state crisis in the 1980s, which prompted not only the wave of macroeconomic and deregulation reforms known as the Washington Consensus, but also a wide variety of institutional or 'second generation' reforms. 'The State of State Reform in Latin America' reviews and assesses the outcomes of these less studied institutional reforms. This book examines four major areas of institutional reform: a. political institutions and the state organization; b. fiscal institutions, such as budget, tax and decentralization institutions; c. public institutions in charge of sectoral economic policies (financial, industrial, and infrastructure); and d. social sector institutions (pensions, social protection, and education). In each of these areas, the authors summarize the reform objectives, describe and measure their scope, assess the main outcomes, and identify the obstacles for implementation, especially those of an institutional nature.
In Eastern Europe and Latin America two trends are under way: 1) far-reaching reforms to convert economies from inward-oriented, state-dominated models to more open, market-driven approaches; and 2) efforts to consolidate democratic political openings replacing earlier authoritarian regimes. These reforms often conflict, yet paradoxically the success of each is crucial to the other. Building on earlier case studies in both regions this volume explores issues common to both regions and critical to the prospects of economic and political reforms, with contributions from Joan Nelson, Jacek Kochanowicz, Kalman Mizsei, and Oscar Munoz.
In the 1980s and 1990s, nations throughout Latin America experienced the dual transformations of market liberalizing reforms and democratization. Since then, perhaps no issue has been more controversial among those who study the region than the exact nature of the relationship between these two processes. Bringing a much-needed comparative perspective to the discussion, Judith Teichman examines the politics of market reform in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico, analyzing its implications for democratic practices in each case. Teichman considers both internal and external influences on the process of Latin American market reform, anchoring her investigation in the historical, political, and cultural contexts unique to each country, while also highlighting the important role played by such international actors as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Informed by interviews with more than one hundred senior officials involved in the reform process, her analysis reveals that while the initial stage of market reform is associated with authoritarian political practices, later phases witness a rise in the importance of electoral democracy. She concludes, however, that the legacy of authoritarian decision making represents a significant obstacle to substantive democratization.
In Eastern Europe and Latin America two trends are under way: 1) far-reaching reforms to convert economies from inward-oriented, state-dominated models to more open, market-driven approaches; and 2) efforts to consolidate democratic political openings replacing earlier authoritarian regimes. These reforms often conflict, yet paradoxically the success of each is crucial to the other. Building on earlier case studies in both regions this volume explores issues common to both regions and critical to the prospects of economic and political reforms, with contributions from Joan Nelson, Jacek Kochanowicz, Kalman Mizsei, and Oscar Munoz.
Analyses processes of democratization and economic reform in five Latin American countries from the early 1980s to 1993.
Exploring marketization, local practices, and protests, this book shows how market-driven subsistence threats can be powerful loci for resistance movements.
Gusatvo Flores-Macias' After Neoliberalism? offers the first systemic explanation of why the ever-popular left-wing governments in Latin American countries have become extremely radical or moderate once in power.
In-depth case study of Costa Rican economic reform efforts.