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Ultrasonic testing (UT) has been an accepted practice of inspection in industrial environments for decades. This book, Industrial Ultrasonic Inspection, is designed to meet and exceed ISO 9712 training requirements for Level 1 and Level 2 certification. The material presented in this book will provide readers with all the basic knowledge of the theory behind elastic wave propagation and its uses with the use of easy to read text and clear pictorial descriptions. Discussed UT concepts include: - General engineering, materials, and components theory - Theory of sound waves and their propagation - The general uses of ultrasonic waves - Comprehensive lab section - Methods of ultrasonic wave generation - Different ultrasonic inspection techniques - Ultrasonic flaw detectors, scanning systems, and probes - Calibration fundamentals - General scanning techniques - Flaw sizing techniques - Basic analysis for ultrasonic, phased array ultrasonic, and time of flight diffraction inspection techniques - Codes and standards - Principles of technical documentation and reporting It is my intention that this book is used for general training purposes. It is the ideal classroom textbook. -Ryan Chaplin
This book covers the technology of inspection of metals, the main emphasis on final part inspection at the manufacturing facility or on receipt at the user's facility. The unique feature of this book is that it provides an intermediate level introduction to the different methods used to inspect metals and finished parts and a more detailed review of the specific inspection methods for important metal product forms. The book is divided into two parts: Part I gives the basics of the most important methods used for inspection and testing, while Part II covers the types of methods used to inspect different classes of metallic parts. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, including when other methods may be warranted. In particular, the chapters on specific product forms (e.g., castings) compare the different inspection methods and why they are used.
Because the heavy forging industry is one of the most logical fields for the application of non-destructive ultrasonic testing, this method has progressed rapidly and received widespread acceptance. The large masses of metal which are handled lend themselves well to this type of inspection. It is true, further, that forgings are employed where quality requirements are highest and stress conditions most critical. Ultrasonic inspection of such products is justified, not only as a final inspection standard, but also as a routine check during processing. One of the advantages of the ultrasonic inspection method is its ability to indicate the location and approximate magnitude of internal cracks or similar defects which might progress in service, or, acting as stress raisers, cause premature failure of the part. There should be little doubt that the ultrasonic method is entirely practical for such applications and can be employed not only in the investigation of forged steel sections, but for a number of other materials as well. Certain materials, among them the socalled super alloys used for high temperature service for gas turbines and jet engines, exhibit a marked tendency to change ultrasonic transmission dependent upon the degree of refinement of the structure. This fact is useful in determining whether or not satisfactory refinement by forging has been effected.
An ultrasonic inspection specification which incorporates existing industry practices for straight beam modes with a new approach to the angle beam reference standard was developed. The method employs a commercially available letter "I" die stamp to impress a controlled shape ultrasonic reflector using common hand tools. The specification is designed to produce very stringent inspections and is primarily intended for utilization in the grading of material used in high load-low safety factor applications, such as cryogenic wind tunnel models and support hardware. Berry, R. F., Jr. Langley Research Center NASA-TM-84625, NAS 1.15:84625 RTOP 505-31-53-11