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A brief selection of major specches and articles by President Nyerere including the text of the Arusha Declaration, Education for Self-Reliance, and other policy statements on African socialism.
Drawing on a wide range of oral and written sources, this book tells the story of Tanzania's socialist experiment: the ujamaa villagization initiative of 1967-75. Inaugurated shortly after independence, ujamaa ('familyhood' in Swahili) both invoked established socialist themes and departed from the existing global repertoire of development policy, seeking to reorganize the Tanzanian countryside into communal villages to achieve national development. Priya Lal investigates how Tanzanian leaders and rural people creatively envisioned ujamaa and documents how villagization unfolded on the ground, without affixing the project to a trajectory of inevitable failure. By forging an empirically rich and conceptually nuanced account of ujamaa, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania restores a sense of possibility and process to the early years of African independence, refines prevailing theories of nation building and development, and expands our understanding of the 1960s and 70s world.
This study developed from a keen interest in the politics of contemporary Africa, especially in regard to the seemingly intractable problem of political dependence with its economic correlate of underdevelopment. The most interesting contemporary work on African political economy explores the link between economic underdevelopment and political dependence. Development and independence are seen as moving in the same direction in the long run, even if in the short run there appear to be inherent contradictions in their immediate needs in a concrete situation. The focus of this work emphasizes the internal contradictions’ (such as exist between the bureaucracy and the political leadership) within Tanzania rather than the external linkages.
This book is an economic and philosophical discourse on sustainable economic development inspired by Ujamaa and the philosophy of self-reliance advocated by Julius Nyerere as a policy towards social and economic development. The book explores human empowerment as a means to sustainable economic development. It argues that human empowerment in developing countries can build on Nyerere's approach to development founded on community participation. However, self-reliance is not possible without the ability to build sustainable development and-, self-reliance philosophy and efforts towards development in their current forms have lacked the ability to intensify people's capability. Human empowerment is needed to produce people with vision, who can reflect on situations, initiate relevant and responsible action, and thereby transform situations for the common good. The empowerment I recommend is endowed on education, entrepreneurship and civil societies. Building on Amartya Sen's philosophy of the capability approach to development, empowerment will provide relevant solution for developing countries to break away from economic dependency and the vicious cycle of poverty.