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Much of the work in modern formal linguistics is concerned with creating mathematically precise accounts of human languages—accounts that are particularly useful in research involving language processing with computers. Implementing Typed Feature Structure Grammars provides a student-level introduction to the most popular approach to this issue, and includes software that allows users to experiment with modeling different aspects of language.
The articles collected in this volume present different aspects of the use of typed feature structures in theoretical and computational linguistics. It covers a wide range of linguistics theories (CCG, Construction Grammar, HPSG, LTAG), a wide range of linguistic phenomena (aspect, concord, idioms, passive), and a wide range of applications (parsing, question answering, semantic composition).
This book develops the theory of typed feature structures, a new form of data structure that generalizes both the first-order terms of logic programs and feature-structures of unification-based grammars to include inheritance, typing, inequality, cycles and intensionality. It presents a synthesis of many existing ideas into a uniform framework, which serves as a logical foundation for grammars, logic programming and constraint-based reasoning systems. Throughout the text, a logical perspective is adopted that employs an attribute-value description language along with complete equational axiomatizations of the various systems of feature structures. Efficiency concerns are discussed and complexity and representability results are provided. The application of feature structures to phrase structure grammars is described and completeness results are shown for standard evaluation strategies. Definite clause logic programs are treated as a special case of phrase structure grammars. Constraint systems are introduced and an enumeration technique is given for solving arbitrary attribute-value logic constraints. This book with its innovative approach to data structures will be essential reading for researchers in computational linguistics, logic programming and knowledge representation. Its self-contained presentation makes it flexible enough to serve as both a research tool and a textbook.
This book develops the theory of typed feature structures and provides a logical foundation for logic programming and constraint based reasoning systems.
A major obstacle in developing efficient parsers for unification-based grammars is the slow parsing time caused by the complex and large structure used to represent grammatical categories. With the broadening coverage of such grammars, their size and complexity increases, creating the need for improved parsing techniques. Although several statistical optimizations exist today that exhibit significant improvements in parsing times, they rely on data collected during a training phase. This thesis presents a theoretical investigation of indexing based on static analysis of feature structure grammar rules, a method that has received little attention in the last few years in computational linguistics. This non-statistical approach has the advantage of not requiring training phases, although it is consistent with further statistical optimizations.
This volume deals with the computational application of systemic functional grammar (SFG) for natural language generation. In particular, it describes the implementation of a fragment of the grammar of German in the computational framework of KOMET-PENMAN for multilingual generation. The text also presents a specification of explicit well-formedness constraints on syntagmatic structure which are defined in the form of typed feature structures. It thus achieves a model of systemic functional grammar that unites both the strengths of systemics, such as stratification, functional diversification and the orientation to context, and the kind of syntactic generalizations that are typically found in modern, syntagmatically-focused computational grammars.
This book presents the most complete exposition of the theory of head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), introduced in the authors' Information-Based Syntax and Semantics. HPSG provides an integration of key ideas from the various disciplines of cognitive science, drawing on results from diverse approaches to syntactic theory, situation semantics, data type theory, and knowledge representation. The result is a conception of grammar as a set of declarative and order-independent constraints, a conception well suited to modelling human language processing. This self-contained volume demonstrates the applicability of the HPSG approach to a wide range of empirical problems, including a number which have occupied center-stage within syntactic theory for well over twenty years: the control of "understood" subjects, long-distance dependencies conventionally treated in terms of wh-movement, and syntactic constraints on the relationship between various kinds of pronouns and their antecedents. The authors make clear how their approach compares with and improves upon approaches undertaken in other frameworks, including in particular the government-binding theory of Noam Chomsky.
This book presents the most complete exposition of the theory of head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), introduced in the authors' Information-Based Syntax and Semantics. HPSG provides an integration of key ideas from the various disciplines of cognitive science, drawing on results from diverse approaches to syntactic theory, situation semantics, data type theory, and knowledge representation. The result is a conception of grammar as a set of declarative and order-independent constraints, a conception well suited to modelling human language processing. This self-contained volume demonstrates the applicability of the HPSG approach to a wide range of empirical problems, including a number which have occupied center-stage within syntactic theory for well over twenty years: the control of "understood" subjects, long-distance dependencies conventionally treated in terms of wh-movement, and syntactic constraints on the relationship between various kinds of pronouns and their antecedents. The authors make clear how their approach compares with and improves upon approaches undertaken in other frameworks, including in particular the government-binding theory of Noam Chomsky.