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The objectives of the seminar were: (1) to bring together developers, users, and potential users of two-dimensional mathematical models to develop a continuing dialogue concerning applications experience, problem identification, research goals, model evaluation, operational problems and model limitations; (2) to make researchers working in the areas of riverine and flood plain simulation aware of recent advances in coastal and estuarine modeling; and, (3) to examine mechanisms for transferring technology to field offices and field needs to research programs. The seminar emphasized two-dimensional homogeneous flows in the horizontal plane such as occur in rivers and well-mixed bays and estuaries. Papers focused on model application, features, performance and utility rather than recent research advances.
This paper describes the impacts of potential hydropower retrofits on downstream flow distributions at Lock and Dam No. 8 on the upper Mississippi River. The model used solves the complete Reynolds equations for two-dimensional free-surface flow in the horizontal plane using a finite element solution scheme. RMA-2 has been in continuing use and development at the Hydrologic Engineering Center and elsewhere for the past decade. Although designed primarily for the simulation of hydraulic conditions, RMA-2 may be used in conjunction with related numerical models to simulate sediment transport and water quality. In this study, velocity distributions were evaluated with regard to environmental, navigational and small-boat safety considerations. Aquatic habitat was defined by depth, substrate type and current velocity. Habitat types were quantified by measuring the areas between calculated contours of velocity magnitude (isotachs) for existing and project conditions. The capability for computing and displaying isotachs for the depth-average velocity, velocity one foot from the bottom and near the water surface was developed for this study. The product of this study effort is an application of the RMA-2 model that allows prediction of structural aquatic habitat in hydraulicaly complex locations. Elements of the instream flow group methodology could be incorporated to provide detailed predictions of impacts to habitat quality. Calibration of the numerical model to field measurements of velocity magnitude and direction is also described.