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This open access book summarizes the results of the European research project “Twin-model based virtual manufacturing for machine tool-process simulation and control” (Twin-Control). The first part reviews the applications of ICTs in machine tools and manufacturing, from a scientific and industrial point of view, and introduces the Twin-Control approach, while Part 2 discusses the development of a digital twin of machine tools. The third part addresses the monitoring and data management infrastructure of machines and manufacturing processes and numerous applications of energy monitoring. Part 4 then highlights various features developed in the project by combining the developments covered in Parts 3 and 4 to control the manufacturing processes applying the so-called CPSs. Lastly, Part 5 presents a complete validation of Twin-Control features in two key industrial sectors: aerospace and automotive. The book offers a representative overview of the latest trends in the manufacturing industry, with a focus on machine tools.
This book presents a novel design framework for the development of Digital Twin (DT) models for process- and motion-control applications. It is based on system-data acquisition using cutting-edge computing technologies, modelling of physical-system behavior through detailed simultaneous simulation of different aspects of the system, and optimal dynamic behavior-matching of the process. The design framework is enhanced with real-time data analytics to improve the performance of the DT’s behavior-matching with the real system or physical twin. The methods of creating a DT detailed in Digital-Twin-Enabled Smart Control Engineering make possible the study of a system for real-time controller tuning and fault detection. They also facilitate life-cycle analysis for multiple critical and dangerous conditions that cannot be explored in the corresponding real system or physical twin. The authors show how a DT can be exploited to enable self-optimizing capabilities in feedback control systems. The DT framework and the control-performance assessment, fault diagnosis and prognosis, remaining-useful-life analysis, and self-optimizing control abilities it allows are validated with both process- and motion-control systems and their DTs. Supporting MATLAB-based material for a case study and an expanded introduction to the basic elements of DTs can be accessed on an associated website. This book helps university researchers from many areas of engineering to develop new tools for control design and reliability and life-cycle assessment and helps practicing engineers working with robotic, manufacturing and processing, and mechatronic systems to maintain and develop the mechanical tools they use.
Volume I is the first of two volumes that document the three components of the CHILDES Project. It is divided into two parts which provide an introduction to the use of computational tools for studying language learning. The first part is the CHAT manual, which describes the conventions and principles of CHAT transcription and recommends specific methods for data collection and digitization. The second part is the CLAN manual, which describes the uses of the editor, sonic CHAT, and the various analytic commands. The book will be useful for both novice and experienced users of the CHILDES tools, as well as instructors and students working with transcripts of child language. Volume II describes in detail all of the corpora included in the CHILDES database. The conversational interactions in the corpora come from monolingual children and their caregivers and siblings, as well as bilingual children, older school-aged children, adult second-language learners, children with various types of language disabilities, and aphasic recovering from language loss. The database includes transcripts in 26 different languages.
Many common diseases are partly attributable to the genes which an individual inherits. Early steps have now been made in developing ways to determine which genetic variations are important, with some recent successes. This is a collection of papers from the Fifth Annual Molecular Pathology Symposium on the 10 December 1996. They represent the contributions to that meeting made by a set of distinguished scientists and clinicians whose work pertains to the furtherment of our understanding of the genetic components of common diseases and potential future approaches.
Twin Research: Biology, Health, Epigenetics, and Psychology is a comprehensive, applied resource in twinning and twin studies that is grounded in the most impactful findings from twin research in recent years. While targeted to undergraduate and graduate students, this compendium will prove a valuable resource for scholars already familiar with twin studies, as well as those coming to the field for the first time. Here, more than forty experts across an array of disciplines examine twinning and twin research methodologies from the perspectives of biology, medicine, genetic and epigenetic influences, and neuroscience. Chapters provide clear instruction in both basic and advanced research methods, family and parenting aspects of twinning, twin studies as applied across various disease areas and medical specialties, genetic and epigenetic determinants of differentiation, and academic, neurological and cognitive development. The presentation of existing studies and methods instruction empowers students and researchers to apply twin-based research and advance new studies across a range of biomedical and behavioral fields, highlighting current research trends and future directions. - Offers unique insights into twinning rates, mechanisms and factors surrounding twinship - Provides clear instruction on both basic and advanced twin research methods and study design - Features leading international experts in twin biology, genetics, health and psychology - Examines findings from recent twin studies across a broad array of health and behavioral studies
'In the past decade there has been an explosion of research into the psychology of well-being. While we know that psychological well-being is partly heritable, it is only recently that researchers have started to investigate the specific genetic factors that influence well-being. Such research explores not only heritability, based on traditional twin study designs, but also includes studies combining some of the most recent molecular genetic techniques and methods. This landmark book summarizes the state of knowledge regarding heritability and molecular genetics in positive psychology. Divided into four parts, it starts by exploring the basics of genetics and associated research methodology, providing the reader with the knowledge required to understand the empirical work presented throughout the volume. The second part of the book focuses on heritability estimates of the most important positive psychology concepts based on quantitative behavioural genetics studies. In the third section of the book, results from more recent molecular genetics studies are presented including candidate gene, gene-environment interaction, as well as genome-wide association studies. This section also contains chapters on epigenetics and imaging genetics, both relatively new methodologies that are just about to make their way into the field of positive psychology. The fourth and final part of the book discusses more overarching questions regarding the roles of genes and environment in the development of well-being as well as a review and discussion of the current state of knowledge and future direction in this new field of inquiry. The first book of its kind, The Genetics of Psychological well-being is a major contribution to the positive psychology literature, and important for all those in the fields of positive psychology, psychiatric genetics, and well-being.