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The contributors to this volume consider the economic history of East Germany within its broader political, cultural and social contexts.
Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, public opinion in East Germany is dominated by a deep hostility towards free markets and an uncritical attitude towards state intervention. This article argues that the mistakes that have been made in the economic transformation of East Germany continue to have an effect to this day. Supporters of the free economy failed to explain why the grievances people faced were not caused by allegedly 'unbridled' markets, but by false policies. Hopefully, a future reunified Korea will avoid repeating these mistakes.
The case studies in this book examine significant parallels between the situation in Eastern Europe today and the issues facing Europe and Japan after World War II, offering insights on what kinds of policy actions will be most effective in this difficult period of reconstruction.The breakup of the Soviet Union and the consequent extraordinary problems faced by Eastern European nations raise pressing economic questions. The case studies in this book examine significant parallels between the situation in Eastern Europe today and the issues facing Europe and Japan after World War II, offering insights on what kinds of policy actions will be most effective in this difficult period of reconstruction. The essays address such topics as the relative roles of government and the market; economic openness; industrial conversion from war to peacetime production; the roles of institutions, enterprises, the business community, and their work staffs; and external control of policy measures, of resources made available by the outside world, and of the general external environment. In their introductory chapter, the editors provide an overview that addresses the question of whether reconstruction can ever be managed smoothly.ContentsOpenness, Wage Restraint, and Macroeconomic Stability: West Germany's Road to Prosperity 1948-1959, H. Giersch, K. H. Paqué, M. Schmieding - The Lucky Miracle: Germany 1945-1951, H. Wolf - Inflation and Stabilization in Italy 1946-1951, M. De Cecco and F. Giavazzi - Economic Reconstruction in France 1945-1958, G. Saint-Paul - Reconstruction and the U.K. Postwar Welfare State: False Start and New Beginning, P. Minford - A Perspective on Postwar Reconstruction in Finland, J. Paunio - The Reconstruction and Stabilization of the Postwar Japanese Economy, K. Hamada and M. Kasuya - The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program, J. B. De Long and B. Eichengreen - Lessons for Eastern Europe Today, 0. Blanchard, R. Portes, W. Nolling
Unification of East and West Germany into the Federal Republic of Germany was a tremendous undertaking and should be examined to understand the economic ramifications. Chancellor Helmut Kohl's economic policies made during the German unification, due to political pressures, resulted in the underdevelopment of the former communist satellite state, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), for over twenty years. Chancellor Kohl's successors, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel, initiated several domestic reforms in conjunction with the European Union's Structural Funds' programs to increase the economic development within the five new eastern Länder. The combination of domestic reforms and EU development aid are proving to be beneficial to the development of the former GDR. These recent successful efforts can give eastern Germans hope that with more time the legacy of past economic decisions will disappear and they can meet their full economic potential.
Cover -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- 1. The GDR in Historical and International Perspective -- 2. Command Planning and the Production Unit -- 3. The New Economic System of Planning and Management 1963-70 and Recentralisation in the 1970s -- 4. The Economic Strategy of the 1980s and the Limits to Possible Reforms -- 5. The Kombinat in GDR Economic Organisation -- 6. The 1981-85 Order of Planning (Planungsordnung) -- 7. The Perfecting of the Planning and Steering Mechanisms -- 8. Product and Process Renewal in GDR Economic Strategy: Goals, Problems and Prospects -- 9. The Pricing System of the GDR: Principles and Problems -- 10. The GDR Financial System -- 11. Agriculture -- 12. The Foreign Trade and Payments of the GDR -- 13. The Role of the GDR in Comecon: Some Economic Aspects -- 14. Economic Reform in the GDR: Causes and Effects -- List of Contributors -- Glossary -- References -- Index
This exploration of the statistical evidence on Germany's post-war reconstruction sheds new light on the foundations of German economic power.
Stereotypical descriptions showcase West Germany as an "economic miracle" or cast it in the narrow terms of Cold War politics. Such depictions neglect how material hardship preceded success and how a fascist past and communist sibling complicated the country's image as a bastion of democracy. Even more disappointing, they brush over a rich and variegated cultural history. That history is told here by leading scholars of German history, literature, and film in what is destined to become the volume on postwar West German culture and society. In it, we read about the lives of real people--from German children fathered by black Occupation soldiers to communist activists, from surviving Jews to Turkish "guest" workers, from young hoodlums to middle-class mothers. We learn how they experienced and represented the institutions and social forces that shaped their lives and defined the wider culture. We see how two generations of West Germans came to terms not only with war guilt, division from East Germany, and the Angst of nuclear threat, but also with changing gender relations, the Americanization of popular culture, and the rise of conspicuous consumption. Individually, these essays peer into fascinating, overlooked corners of German life. Together, they tell what it really meant to live in West Germany in the 1950s and 1960s. In addition to the editor, the contributors are Volker R. Berghahn, Frank Biess, Heide Fehrenbach, Michael Geyer, Elizabeth Heineman, Ulrich Herbert, Maria Höhn, Karin Hunn, Kaspar Maase, Richard McCormick, Robert G. Moeller, Lutz Niethammer, Uta G. Poiger, Diethelm Prowe, Frank Stern, Arnold Sywottek, Frank Trommler, Eric D. Weitz, Juliane Wetzel, and Dorothee Wierling.
This volume of essays by German and American historians discusses key issues of US policy toward Germany in the decade following World War II.
By many measures, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) had the strongest economy in the Eastern bloc and was one of the most important industrial nations worldwide. Nonetheless, the economic history of the GDR has been primarily discussed as a failure when compared with the economic success of the Federal Republic and is often cited as one of the pre-eminent examples of central planning's deficiencies. This volume analyzes both the successes and failures of the East German economy. The contributors consider the economic history of East Germany within its broader political, cultural and social contexts. Rather than limit their perspective to the period of the GDR's existence, the essays additionally consider the decades before 1945 and the post-1990 era. Contributors also trace the present and future of the East German economy and suggest possible outcomes.