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The essays in this volume are intended to reach beyond regions and compartmentalized disciplines, encompassing the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and the arts. By placing all societies touched by the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean at the centre of Western Civilization discussions, this book hopes to broaden the horizons of what we call 'The Caribbean', both geographically and intellectually. Turning Tides includes revised proceedings from a collaborative International Conference between The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad campus and Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA held in February 2016 in Trinidad, under the theme 'Turning Tides: Caribbean Intersections in the Americas and Beyond.' Reflecting the varied nature of the presentations made at the conference, the contributions in this volume range from artists' statements to peer-reviewed essays, culturally-influenced as well as peer-reviewed preliminary results of fresh collaborations. A noteworthy feature of the volume is the absence of any rigid barriers between artists, scholars and activists in the 19 essays, conversations and reports selected by the Editors for publication. Included are, Harvey Neptune's re-evaluation of CLR James' American Civizilization as a book that foretold the rise of a 'populist' autocratic leader in the United States, long before Trump. Christopher Laird provides a revealing outline of Banyan holdings, the largest cultural archive throughout the Caribbean while Heather Cateau explores the 400 year-old links between Connecticut and the Caribbean in the context of maritime enslavement.The notion of the Caribbean as a 'new Mediterranean' is examined by Gary Reger. Honduran historian Dario Euraque traces references to Afro-origins in Central American curricula and in somewhat similar vein Tony Hall argues for recognition of Marcus and Amy Garvey in societies ranging from Jamaica and Costa Rica to the US. Three outstanding feature presentations of the conference are represented here in Pablo Delano's introduction to his widely circulated installation The Museum of the Old Colony composed of self-parodying colonial photographs of Puerto Rico, and a conversation between renowned artists, Trinidad masman artist Peter Minshall and Cambodian-American performance artist Anida Yoeu Ali, moderated by Trinidadian Christopher Cozier. Other authors compare the UK Leeds Carnival to that of Trinidad; track the availablility of calypso music in the current market and look at the importance of David Rudder's Cricket Chronicles as cultural documents. Essays focus also on Hindu, Muslim, and Afro-Caribbean women in the diaspora who are treated both historically and fictionally while neuroscientists from Trinidad and the US analyze the link between culture and the process of memory, and psychiatrists from New York and Trinidad, writing with a historian, examine difficulties facing LGBTQ communities in the Caribbean and the US, from a freshly comparative focus. In presenting these contributions for a wider readership, the editors of Turning Tides are hopeful that they will provoke further transdisciplinary conversations about the instabilities, changes, developments, perspectives and future trends of what we call the Grand Caribbean.
When used in India, the term Kala pani refers to the cellular jail in Port Blair, where the British colonisers sent a select category of freedom fighters. In the diaspora it refers to the transoceanic migration of indentured labour from India to plantation colonies across the globe from the mid-19th century onwards. This volume discusses the legacies of indenture in the Caribbean, Reunion, Mauritius, and Fiji, and how they still imbue our present. More importantly, it draws attention to India and raises new questions: doesn’t one need, at some stage, to wonder why this forgotten chapter of Indian history needs to be retrieved? How is it that this history is better known outside India than in India itself? What are the advantages of shining a torch onto a history that was made invisible? Why have the tribulations of the old diaspora been swept under the carpet at a time when the successes of the new diaspora have been foregrounded? What do we stand to gain from resurrecting these histories in the early 21st century and from shifting our perspectives? A key volume on Indian diaspora, modern history, indentured labour, and the legacy of indentureship, this co-edited collection of essays examines these questions largely through the frame of important works of literature and cinema, folk songs, and oral tales, making it an artistic enquiry of the past and of the present. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of world history, especially labour history, literature, postcolonial studies, cultural studies, diaspora studies, sociology and social anthropology, Indian Ocean studies, and South Asian studies.
This volume explores the intersections of diaspora and gender within the diasporic and Indian imagination. It investigates the ways in which race, class, caste, gender, and sexuality intersect with concepts of home, belonging, displacement and the reinvention of the nation and of self. Positioning itself as a companion to Kala Pani Crossings: Revisiting 19th century Migrations from India’s Perspective (Routledge, 2021), the present book examines whether indentureship and diasporic locations marginalised women and men or empowered them; how negotiations or resistances have been determined by race, class, caste, or ethnicity; how traditional standards of Indianness and gender relations have been reshaped; how ideas of home, self and the nation have been impacted in the diaspora and in India after the 19th and early 20th century indentureship migration; and what 21st century Indians stand to gain by theorizing the legacy of 19th century indenture through a gender framework. To understand how fiction and non-fiction writers have negotiated the legacy of indentureship to create spaces where normative practices can be interrogated and challenged, the book gives pride of place to interviews with writers such as Cyril Dabydeen, Ananda Devi, Ramabai Espinet, Davina Ittoo, Brij Lal, Peggy Mohan, Shani Mootoo, and Khal Torabully. Thus rooted in critical analyses but also in subjective and creative perspectives, this volume is a major intervention in understanding Indian indenture and its legacy in the diaspora and in India. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of literature, history, Indian Ocean studies, migration and South Asian studies.
Caribbean Popular Culture: Power, Politics and Performance examines the Caribbean popular - an idea that has been an important and contested terrain for exploring the dynamic and oftentimes subversive cultural expressions of the region. The Caribbean popular arts, whether embodied in the hybrid musical genres or vernacular performance and festival traditions, have historically provided a space for social and political critique, the performance of visibility and also articulations of a temporal emancipatory ethos with its attendant acquisition of power and status. Beyond the spaces of their local/regional enactments and the social realities out of which they emerged and continue to circulate, Caribbean popular culture has over time contributed to contemporary understandings of global and diasporic cultures and, at the same time, the dynamics of inter-cultural encounters. The terrain of the popular has been a generative site for the study of Caribbean societies, and has produced enduring theoretical postulations that have been pivotal to the shaping of the intellectual production on the Caribbean. It is also the most powerful force that socializes contemporary Caribbean citizens into an understanding of their identities, the limits of their citizenship, and the meaning of their worlds.
A history of the Jamaican people from an Afro-Caribbean rather than a European perspective. Africa is at the centre of the story; for by claiming Africa as homeland, Jamaicans gain a sense of historical continuity, of identity, and of roots.
The Rastafarian religion of Jamaica came into prominence in the late 1960s and early 1970s and was given international exposure through the music of one of its main exponents - Bob Marley. Music, and Reggae music in particular, was the centrepiece of Rasta creativity but Rastafarianism gave rise to a whole new cultural movement of which visual art was one of the many components. 'Official' recognition of Rasta art may be traced to the year 1980 when the National Gallery of Jamaica installed a new section dedicated to 'intuitive' artists, that is, untrained artists who were previously described as primitive or naïve. The works of Rastafarians were prominent among these intuitive including those of Albert Artwell, Ras Dizzy, Ras Daniel Hartman and Leonard Daley, to name a few. Beyond that however, little recognition has been given to Rastafarian art as a particular genre within Jamaica, and the only known attempt to document and survey the art and handicraft of Rastafarians was in the form of an exhibition catalogue prepared for an exhibition in Germany in 1980 and later updated for a second exhibition in Germany. Decades after that first catalogue was produced, comes its first English translation - Rastafarian Art by Wolfgang Bender, an ethnomusicologist and ector of the African Music Archives in the Institute for Ethnology and African Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. The works presented in this volume are meant to introduce a selection of Rastafarian artists from Jamaica. The collection is accompanied by photographs that depict everyday life among Rastas and scenes from the environment in which the artists live. In addition, there are interviews with a number of the artists, a chronology of events in the development of the Rastafarian movement and Rastafarian art, and an index of the artists and their works.
In 1975, Nanny was declared the first and, is to date, the only female National Hero in Jamaica. Using an ethnohistorical approach, anthropologist Werner Zips takes Nanny's key role in the Maroon societies to probe into the African political, legal, social and religious experiences throughout the periods of slavery, colonial rule and postcolonial nation building.
Abortion has remained one of the most volatile and polarizing issues in the United States for over four decades. Americans are more divided today than ever over abortion, and this debate colors the political, economic, and social dynamics of the country. This book provides a balanced, clear-eyed overview of the abortion debate, including the perspectives of both the pro-life and pro-choice movements. It covers the history of the debate from colonial times to the present, the mobilization of mass movements around the issue, the ways it is understood by ordinary Americans, the impact it has had on US political development, and the differences between the abortion conflict in the US and the rest of the world. Throughout these discussions, Ziad Munson demonstrates how the meaning of abortion has shifted to reflect the changing anxieties and cultural divides which it has come to represent. Abortion Politics is an invaluable companion for exploring the abortion issue and what it has to say about American society, as well as the dramatic changes in public understanding of women’s rights, medicine, religion, and partisanship.
The brutal suppression of the uprising in Morant Bay in October 1865 under Governor Edward Eyre and the ensuing 'reign of terror' is a watershed in Jamaican history. Paul Bogle and his allies, overwhelmed by colonial firepower and betrayed by Maroons in service to the British Crown, were mercilessly cut down by the elites (local and foreign) who justified their actions based on the continued belief in the subjugation and suppression of the black race by the white race, emancipation notwithstanding. In Colour for Colour Skin for Skin, Clinton Hutton deconstructs the ideological, cultural, philosophical, economic, social and political rationale for the uprising by formerly enslaved Africans and their descendants and its violent suppression by the colonial forces, and articulates its significance in the development of a national black consciousness. This consciousness, and fight for freedom and justice, he argues, has strengthened over periods of Jamaica's short history, evidenced by the emergence of Garveyism and Rastafari, the 1938 labour riots, and articulated in Jamaican popular music and more recently, the resurgence of Revival worship. Using fascinating first-hand accounts of the uprising and its aftermath from the Report of the Royal Commission of 1866 and numerous newspaper reports among other sources, Hutton presents the 'Morant Bay Rebellion' squarely at the forefront of the continuing expression of a national complex in a post colonial society.