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The system of linear differential equations which indicated the approach of separation and the so-called "boundary-layer thickness" by Gruschwitz is extended in this report to include the case where the friction layer is subject to centrifugal forces. Evaluation of the data yields a strong functional dependence of the momentum change and wall drag on the boundary-layer thickness radius of curvature ratio for the wall. It is further shown that the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs at somewhat higher Reynolds Numbers at the convex wall than at the flat plate, due to the stabilizing effect of the centrifugal forces.
obtained are still severely limited to low Reynolds numbers (about only one decade better than direct numerical simulations), and the interpretation of such calculations for complex, curved geometries is still unclear. It is evident that a lot of work (and a very significant increase in available computing power) is required before such methods can be adopted in daily's engineering practice. I hope to l"Cport on all these topics in a near future. The book is divided into six chapters, each· chapter in subchapters, sections and subsections. The first part is introduced by Chapter 1 which summarizes the equations of fluid mechanies, it is developed in C~apters 2 to 4 devoted to the construction of turbulence models. What has been called "engineering methods" is considered in Chapter 2 where the Reynolds averaged equations al"C established and the closure problem studied (§1-3). A first detailed study of homogeneous turbulent flows follows (§4). It includes a review of available experimental data and their modeling. The eddy viscosity concept is analyzed in §5 with the l"Csulting ~alar-transport equation models such as the famous K-e model. Reynolds stl"Css models (Chapter 4) require a preliminary consideration of two-point turbulence concepts which are developed in Chapter 3 devoted to homogeneous turbulence. We review the two-point moments of velocity fields and their spectral transforms (§ 1), their general dynamics (§2) with the particular case of homogeneous, isotropie turbulence (§3) whel"C the so-called Kolmogorov's assumptions are discussed at length.
This volume offers contributions reflecting a selection of the lectures presented at the international conference BAIL 2014, which was held from 15th to 19th September 2014 at the Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. These are devoted to the theoretical and/or numerical analysis of problems involving boundary and interior layers and methods for solving these problems numerically. The authors are both mathematicians (pure and applied) and engineers, and bring together a large number of interesting ideas. The wide variety of topics treated in the contributions provides an excellent overview of current research into the theory and numerical solution of problems involving boundary and interior layers.
Coanda effect is a complex fluid flow phenomenon enabling the production of vertical take-off/landing aircraft. Other applications range from helicopters to road vehicles, from flow mixing to combustion, from noise reduction to pollution control, from power generation to robot operation, and so forth. Book starts with description of the effect, its history and general formulation of governing equations/simplifications used in different applications. Further, it gives an account of this effect’s lift boosting potential on a wing and in non-flying vehicles including industrial applications. Finally, occurrence of the same in human body and associated adverse medical conditions are explained.
Mean velocities, turbulence intensities, and Reynolds stresses were measured in a circular convex wall jet. The entire mean velocity profile for angular position (theta> 35 degrees) was determined to be similar. The turbulent flow field was nowhere self preserving and thus the total flow was not similar. Strikingly different jet growth rates were evidenced between the inlet (theta> 35 degrees) transition region and the fully developed flow regions (theta> 35 degrees). The overall level of turbulence was examined for a convex wall jet flow in comparison to a concave wall jet flow. The turbulent shear stress's were observed and did not vanish where the mean velocity gradient became zero. Hence for further analyses of turbulent convex wall jet flow the classical eddy viscosity models which neglect the effects of curvature appear inappropriate.
NDS TO ATTACH ITSELF AND FLOW ALONG THE SURFACE. A theoretical and experimental study of the effects of the surface curvature on the flow field of a two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent jet has been made. By using a perturbation technique, the governing equations for the flow have been obtained and solved numerically. There is flow similarity for a curved-wall jet when m = 1, and for the flow of a plane wall jet when the curvature approaches infinity. Two spiral and three circular cylindrical surfaces were tested. The mean velocity profiles and static pressure distributions were measured at various stations for each surface. In addition, the point of separation was found for Reynolds numbers, based on the nozzle width, in the range of 500 to 4000. The growth rates of the jet width and the rate of decay of the maximum velocity were deduced from the velocity measurements. (Modified author abstract).