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Tunisia

International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Published: 2016-02-11

Total Pages: 18


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This paper discusses recent trends, constraints, and opportunities for the future of Tunisia's economy. Tunisia enjoyed solid GDP growth rates in the run-up to the revolution of 2011, driven by the manufacturing and service sectors. A stable macroeconomic environment and a gradual liberalization of trade and investment facilitated growth. Labor has been gradually overshadowed by capital accumulation as the main growth driver, while productivity has been lagging. The existing gap in factors of production can be filled by appropriate financial and banking policies to increase access to finance and boost physical capital accumulation, a sound business environment to attract investors and boost long-term productivity, and a reduction in macroeconomic risks.
Tunisia’s reliance on European countries for export earnings, tourism, remittances, and foreign direct investment inflows has remained high over the last decades. Remittances and tourism receipts have been broadly stable in percent of GDP, with somewhat more fluctuations in the latter caused in part by identifiable political events that harmed tourism in the region. Tunisia’s annual growth rate appears to have become increasingly synchronized over time with the annual growth rate of its main European trading partners.