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The oncogenic virus can only be studied as a carcinogen when its relation to the host cell in which it resides is understood. The interaction between tumor virus and host cell was the subject of a recent North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advanced Study I~stitute. This volume is the edited proceedings of this study institute. One problem of fundamental importance in understanding malignant transformation is the mechanism by which the oncogenic vector promotes the aberrations in the host cell regulatory appara tus resulting in a cancerous cell. It is partly the purpose of this volume to help clarify this problem, and to stimulate the interest of others to continue the research necessary to this end. The meeting from which this volume is compiled took place in the Principality of Monaco with the patronage of Her Serene High ness, Princess Grace and was supported principally by a grant from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The editor wishes to thank the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Princess Grace of Monaco, and the Bureau de Tourism Monaco for their generous support. Addi tional financial assistance was provided by the Deutsches Studium Gesellschaft and I would like to thank Prof. Klaus Munk, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, for his help in obtaining this aid. I would also like to thank the Verwaltung of the Deutsches Krebsfor schungszentrum for their administrative help.
Human tumor viruses contribute to 15-20% of human cancers worldwide. Kaposi s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is an etiological agent for Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) and two other malignancies. KS is the most common cancer in HIV-infected untreated individuals and remains a primary cause of cancer deaths in many subequatorial African countries as a result of the AIDS pandemic. This book first introduces an unbiased gain-of-function human kinome cDNA screen on KSHV reactivation in infected human cells. By developing a novel 3D cell culture model reflecting the context of virus-host cell interaction, this book further reveals the first lymphatic-specific endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) induced by a human tumor virus, giving rise to infected, invasive cells, and providing the virus a permissive cellular microenvironment for efficient spread of the virus. This book should shed lights on understanding the long-term persistence of oncogenic infectious agents in infected individuals, allowing time for the multi-step tumorigenesis. It should also be especially useful for professionals who are interested in developing targeted therapies to prevent or at least slow down KS progression.
This volume focuses on virus-host cell interactions, cellular genes acquired or modulated by viruses, the pathological effects of these interactions, and therapeutic interventions. Several chapters specifically address the role of viruses and genes – such as oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes – in the etiology of human cancer. Oncogenic signaling by PI3 kinase, mTOR, Akt, or the major cancer drivers MYC and RAF, and the role of tumor suppressors like p53, are discussed in detail. The volume also explores the emerging role of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs in tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics, and offers new insights into the role of HIV-host interactions relevant to pathogenesis and treatment. Gathering contributions written by leading scientists in their respective fields, the volume offers a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians alike.
This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
This unique book focuses on the DNA viruses in the human population that are associated with cancers. It covers most of the viruses that are thought to contribute to human malignancy. This book represents a comprehensive review of the field of DNA tumor virology. Right now, while there are books out there that cover individual viruses that are also covered in this book, there is no single book that covers this topic comprehensively. This book is the first current, comprehensive review of its kind in the market.
Topics covered range from an overview of the contribution of DNA tumour viruses to the cancer burden worldwide, and the molecular pathogenesis of virus driven cancers to vaccine development.
Oncogenic Viruses: Fundamentals of Oncoviruses provides an overview of the history of human oncoviruses, how to discover and define an oncovirus, how viruses cause cancer in general, their oncogenic mechanisms and epidemiology, and the cancer biology of oncoviruses. The book is organized into five main parts that include history and discovery of virus-tumor complications, taxonomy and classification of oncoviruses, oncoviruses around the world, including epidemiology statistics and current methods. Finally, the book looks at the molecular epidemiology of DNA and RNA viruses and their role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Provides an overview of the history, discovery, taxonomy and biology of oncoviruses Offers the fundamentals of viral implications in human tumors Covers the molecular epidemiology and oncologic implications and associations of DNA and RNA oncoviruses