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First inhabited by indigenous people, Tubac has been home to a number of cultures. It became Arizona's first European settlement when the Presidio de San Ignacio de Tubac was established in 1752. It was the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, however, that brought the area under U.S. control. Charles Debrille Poston, the "father" of Arizona, established a mining company here in 1856, but the ongoing Apache presence made life difficult in spite of the defense provided by two nearby military forts. After Geronimo's surrender in 1886, farming and ranching dominated local life until the 1940s when dude ranches attracted Eastern tourists and altered the local economy. Tubac took its first steps as an art colony when Dale Nichols started an art school here in 1948 and when the Santa Cruz Valley Art Association was founded in 1959. Since that time, the community has embraced its theme of "where art and history meet."
Tubac boasts a rich history.
A history of the town of Tubac in southern Arizona features numerous black & white photographs, from the Territorial days up to the modern era.
Britton Davis's account of the controversial "Geronimo Campaign" of 1885–86 offers an important firsthand picture of the famous Chiricahua warrior and the men who finally forced his surrender. Davis knew most of the people involved in the campaign and was himself in charge of Indian scouts, some of whom helped hunt down the small band of fugitives Robert M. Utley's foreword reevaluates the account for the modern reader and establishes its his torical background.
The Franciscan mission San José de Tumacácori and the perennially undermanned presidio Tubac become John L. Kessell's windows on the Arizona–Sonora frontier in this colorful documentary history. His fascinating view extends from the Jesuit expulsion to the coming of the U.S. Army. Kessell provides exciting accounts of the explorations of Francisco Garcés, de Anza's expeditions, and the Yuma massacre. Drawing from widely scattered archival materials, he vividly describes the epic struggle between Bishop Reyes and Father President Barbastro, the missionary scandals of 1815–18, and the bloody victory of Mexican civilian volunteers over Apaches in Arivaipa Canyon in 1832. Numerous missionaries, presidials, and bureaucrats—nameless in histories until now—emerge as living, swearing, praying, individuals. This authoritative chronicle offers an engrossing picture of the continually threatened mission frontier. Reformers championing civil rights for mission Indians time and again challenged the friars' "tight-fisted paternalistic control" over their wards. Expansionists repeatedly saw their plans dashed by Indian raids, uncooperative military officials, or lack of financial support. Frairs, Soldiers, and Reformers brings into sharp focus the long, blurry period between Jesuit Sonora and Territorial Arizona.
Terrenos chronicles the history of the January 10, 1789 Don Torivio de Otero Spanish land grant at Tubac, New Spain (present day Arizona). It details how Otero family descendants were able to prove their land claim to both the Mexican and United States governments despite Apache depredations, squatters, and multiple court challenges. The Otero land grant was comprised of two parcels of land, the Solar (house lot) located in the town of Tubac, and the Rancho de Otero, a farm and stock ranch located one mile north of Tubac known today as the Tubac Golf Resort & Spa. The Don Torivio de Otero land grant was the first privately-owned permanent title to land in Arizona. Ancient documents reveal Don Torivio was the first recorded lay teacher and built the first recorded Spanish irrigation system during Arizona's Spanish colonial period. Otero family land grant heirs-at-law included Gabriella Otero, known as Sister Clara Otero an inductee to the Arizona Women's Hall of Fame, and Cattle Kings Sabino and Teofilo Otero. Terrenos also provides a brief history of Rancho de Otero ownership through present day, including the establishment of the Tubac Valley County Club under the direction of Chairman of the Board Hollywood legend Bing Crosby. Terrenos further details the purchase of dozens of properties throughout southern Arizona including the Sabino Otero land grant at Baboquivari (Elkhorn Ranch) near Tucson, the Maria Clara Martinez Otero land grant known as El Reventon Ranch (Agua Linda Farms) at Amado, AZ, and private land purchases by Teofilo Otero known as Otero Hall at the Presidio State Historic Park and Museum at Tubac and El Tiradito (Wishing Shrine) at Tucson. Anyone interested in Arizona history and southwest culture would find Terrenos of interest.
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