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Power Supply design is all about detail. And a large part of that detail lies in the practical domain, largely because of the typically small number of microseconds of switching periods involved, and the even smaller tens of nanoseconds of switch transition times --- all these, in effect accentuating various "second-order" effects, that eventually end up playing prime havoc with "normal" expectations of how the circuit should behave. So not unsurprisingly, even after reading several books, most readers still find themselves no closer to the ultimate goal of designing an actual power supply. Sooner or later, all engineers start realizing the hard fact that designing a switching power supply isn't the trivial task it once seemed to be. But even after years of successfully mastering the underlying theory, the ultimate goal of creating a cost-effective, reliable and commercially viable power supply may still remain a distant dream, since success ultimately hinges on experience. That is, in fact, what clearly differentiates a senior and seasoned power supply engineer from the others --- the ability to navigate and surmount a veritable minefield of tricky issues that can only be learned the hard way, by actual hands-on experience on the job. This book presents practical knowledge the author acquired rather painfully, while working "in the trenches" for several years in major engineering companies scattered across several continents. This is intended to be the mythical senior engineer's "bag of tricks," finally made available in the form of an easy-to-read book on your shelf. This book will make life for the ambitious power supply engineer much simpler --- besides reducing significantly, the rigorous requirement of having to be a senior engineer's protégé for years on end, just to gain a small measure of real success in this field.* A practical presentation that answers the important question: why is my switching converter behaving so differently than what I was expecting on the basis of my paper design? And how do I bridge that huge gap?* For the first time, a systematic and thorough discussion of troubleshooting switching power supplies.* Coverage of AC/DC and DC/DC power supplies. * Bench Evaluation of semiconductor ICs used in power conversion --- describing standard and unusual techniques mastered by the author, while testing similar chips at National Semiconductor. * Detailed coverage of vital topics that haven't been covered by available sources --- grounding systems, the subtleties of component datasheets, and using instruments and probes effectively.* Systematic investigation (type of failure mechanism, topology, etc.) and solutions for 5 years of reported power supply issues on a prominent, public web forum. This approach will ensure that engineers will not repeat the same mistakes. * A unique, readable style: personal and direct; no mystification--- just the plain truth, easily and logically explained, with plenty of pictures, graphs and plots.
Switching Power Supplies A - Z is the most comprehensive study available of the theoretical and practical aspects of controlling and measuring Electromagnetic Interference in switching power supplies, including input filter instability considerations. The new edition is thoroughly revised with six completely new chapters, while the existing EMI chapters are expanded to include many more step-by-step numerical examples and key derivations and EMI mitigation techniques. New topics cover the length and breadth of modern switching power conversion techniques, lucidly explained in simple but thorough terms, now with uniquely detailed "wall-reference charts" providing easy access to even complex topics. - Step-by-step and iterative approach for calculating high-frequency losses in forward converter transformers, including Proximity losses based on Dowell's equations - Thorough, yet uniquely simple design flow-chart for building DC-DC converters and their magnetic components under typical wide-input supply conditions - Step-by-step, solved examples for stabilizing control loops of all three major topologies, using either transconductance or conventional operational amplifiers, and either current-mode or voltage-mode control
A contemporary evaluation of switching power design methods with real world applications • Written by a leading author renowned in his field • Focuses on switching power supply design, manufacture and debugging • Switching power supplies have relevance for contemporary applications including mobile phone chargers, laptops and PCs • Based on the authors' successful "Switching Power Optimized Design 2nd Edition" (in Chinese) • Highly illustrated with design examples of real world applications
The design of Switching Power Supplies has become one of the most crucial aspects of power electronics, particularly in the explosive market for portable devices. Unfortunately, this seemingly simple mechanism is actually one of the most complex and under-estimated processes in Power Electronics. Switching power conversion involves several engineering disciplines: Semiconductor Physics, Thermal Management, Control Loop theory, Magnetics etc, and all these come into play eventually, in ways hard for non-experts to grasp. This book grows out of decades of the author's experience designing commercial power supplies. Although his formal education was in physics, he learned the hard way what it took to succeed in designing power supplies for companies like Siemens and National Semiconductor. His passion for power supplies and his empathy for the practicing or aspiring power conversion engineer is evident on every page.* The most comprehensive study available of the theoretical and practical aspects of controlling and measuring Electromagnetic Interference in switching power supplies, including input filter instability considerations. * Step-by-step and iterative approach for calculating high-frequency losses in forward converter transformers, including Proximity losses based on Dowell's equations.* Thorough, yet uniquely simple design flow-chart for building DC-DC converters and their magnetic components under typical wide-input supply conditions * Step-by-step, solved examples for stabilizing control loops of all three major topologies, using either transconductance or conventional operational amplifiers, and either current-mode or voltage-mode control.
* Describes the operation of each circuit in detail * Examines a wide selection of external components that modify the IC package characteristics * Provides hands-on, essential information for designing a switching power supply Simplified Design of Switching Power Supplies is an all-inclusive, one-stop guide to switching power-supply design. Step-by-step instructions and diagrams render this book essential for the student and the experimenter, as well as the design professional. Simplified Design of Switching Power Supplies concentrates on the use of IC regulators. All popular forms of switching supplies, including DC-DC converters, inverters, buck, boost, buck-boost, pulse frequency modulation, pulse width modulation, current-mode control and pulse skipping, are described in detail. The design examples may be put to immediate use or may be modified to meet a specific design goal. As an instructional text for those unfamiliar with switching supplies, or as a reference for those in need of a refresher, this unique book is essential for those involved in switching power-supply design.
This book is focused on the fundamental aspects of analysis, modeling and design of digital control loops around high-frequency switched-mode power converters in a systematic and rigorous manner Comprehensive treatment of digital control theory for power converters Verilog and VHDL sample codes are provided Enables readers to successfully analyze, model, design, and implement voltage, current, or multi-loop digital feedback loops around switched-mode power converters Practical examples are used throughout the book to illustrate applications of the techniques developed Matlab examples are also provided
The latest techniques for designing state-of-the-art power supplies, including resonant (LLC) converters Extensively revised throughout, Switching Power Supply Design & Optimization, Second Edition, explains how to design reliable, high-performance switching power supplies for today's cutting-edge electronics. The book covers modern topologies and converters and features new information on designing or selecting bandgap references, transformer design using detailed new design charts for proximity effects, Buck efficiency loss teardown diagrams, active reset techniques, topology morphology, and a meticulous AC-DC front-end design procedure. This updated resource contains design charts and numerical examples for comprehensive feedback loop design, including TL431, plus the world’s first top-down simplified design methodology for wide-input resonant (LLC) converters. A step-by-step comparative design procedure for Forward and Flyback converters is also included in this practical guide. The new edition covers: Voltage references DC-DC converters: topologies to configurations Contemporary converters, composites, and related techniques Discontinuous conduction mode Comprehensive front-end design in AC-DC power conversion Topologies for AC-DC applications Tapped-inductor (autotransformer-based) converters Selecting inductors for DC-DC converters Flyback and Forward converter transformer design Forward and Flyback converters: step-by-step design and comparison PCBs and thermal management Closing the loop: feedback and stability, including TL431 Practical EMI filter design Reset techniques in Flyback and Forward converters Reliability, testing, and safety issues Unraveling and optimizing Buck converter efficiency Introduction to soft-switching and detailed LLC converter design methodology with PSpice simulations Practical circuits, design ideas, and component FAQs
Chapter 1: The Principles of Switching Power Conversion Chapter 2: DC-DC Converter Design and Magnetics Chapter 3: Off-line Converter Design and Magnetics Chapter 4: The Topology FAQ Chapter 5: Optimal Core Selection Chapter 6: Component Ratings, Stresses, Reliability and Life Chapter 7: Optimal Power Components Selection Chapter 8: Conduction and Switching Losses Chapter 9: Discovering New Topologies Chapter 10: Printed Circuit Board Layout Chapter 11: Thermal Management Chapter 12: Feedback Loop Analysis and Stability Chapter 13: Paralleling, Interleaving and Sharing Chapter 14: The Front-End of AC-DC Power Supplies Chapter 15: DM and CM Noise in Switching Power Supplies Chapter 16: Fixing EMI across the Board Chapter 17: Input Capacitor and Stability Chapter 18: The Math behind the Electromagnetic Puzzle Chapter 19: Solved Examples Appendix A.
Transfer Functions of Switching Converters teaches readers how to determine transfer functions of switching power supplies commonly encountered in consumer and industrial markets. The book starts with a smooth introduction to switching cells, going into the details of the first steps of linearization and small-signal modulation. You will then learn how the PWM switch model was derived and how to apply it to the basic structures operated in fixed switching frequency and various operating conditions like continuous and discontinuous modes in voltage- or current-mode control. The model is extended to other control schemes like quasi-resonance, constant on- and off-time converters, all with an associated small-signal version. The following chapters explore the founding structures like the buck, the boost and buck-boost cells, later covering their isolated versions like forward or flyback converters. The last chapter deals with more complicated structures like Ćuk, Zeta, SEPIC and LLC.
Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters Discover foundational and advanced topics in soft-switching technology, including ZVS three-phase conversion In Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters, an expert team of researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of soft-switching three-phase converters for applications including renewable energy and distribution power systems, AC power sources, UPS, motor drives, battery chargers, and more. The authors begin with an introduction to the fundamentals of the technology, providing the basic knowledge necessary for readers to understand the following articles. The book goes on to discuss three-phase rectifiers and three-phase grid inverters. It offers prototypes and experiments of each type of technology. Finally, the authors describe the impact of silicon carbide devices on soft-switching three-phase converters, studying the improvement in efficiency and power density created via the introduction of silicon carbide devices. Throughout, the authors put a special focus on a family of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-phase converters and related pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to soft-switching techniques, including the classification of soft-switching for three phase converter topologies, soft-switching types and a generic soft-switching pulse-width-modulation known as Edge-Aligned PWM A comprehensive exploration of classical soft-switching three-phase converters, including the switching of power semiconductor devices and DC and AC side resonance Practical discussions of ZVS space vector modulation for three-phase converters, including the three-phase converter commutation process In-depth examinations of three-phase rectifiers with compound active clamping circuits Perfect for researchers, scientists, professional engineers, and undergraduate and graduate students studying or working in power electronics, Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters is also a must-read resource for research and development engineers involved with the design and development of power electronics.