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A study of the radiative leptonic K\( +\) \(\rightarrow\) e\( +\)v\(_e\) \(\gamma\) kaon decay is reported, using a partial sample of data collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2007. The signal event selection, the study of trigger efficiencies and the measurement of form factors are presented. The main systematic uncertainties associated to the analysis are discussed and preliminary results on form factor parameters are obtained: V\(_0\) = 0.0946 \(\pm\) 0.0018\(_{stat}\) \(\pm\) 0.0170\(_{syst}\) \(\lambda\) = 0.521 \(\pm\) 0.055\(_{stat}\) \(\pm\) 0.052\(_{syst}\) with a statistical correlation between parameters of 0.94 and ~ 100% correlation between systematic errors. The outcome of a test run performed at CERN in October 2011 for the commissioning of a Cherenkov differential counter to be used for the charged kaon identification in the near-future NA62 research programme, is reported. The counter's ability to distinguish between kaons and pions is validated by pressure scan results. Tests of various combinations of standard and new read-out technology and electronics are presented. The time resolution of the new photon detector technology (Hamamatsu R7400-U03 PMT) to be replaced for the detector upgrade in NA62 is measured: \(\sigma\)T =(251 \(\pm\)2)ps.
This book reports on a new result from the KL→π0νν search at the J-PARC KOTO experiment, which sets an upper limit of 3×10-9 for the branching fraction of the decay at the 90% confidence level, improving the previous best limit by an order of magnitude. To explain the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the universe, still unknown new physics beyond the standard model (SM) that breaks CP symmetry is necessary. The rare decay of a long-lived neutral K meson, KL→π0νν, is a CP-violating decay. It is an excellent probe to search for new physics because new physics can contribute to the decay and change its branching fraction, while the SM is as small as 3×10-11. However, it is extremely difficult to search for because all of the decay products are neutral and two neutrinos are undetectable. The KL→π0νν signal is identified by measuring two photons from a π0 with a calorimeter and confirming the absence of any other detectable particles with hermetic veto counters. The book contributes to the analysis of neutron-induced backgrounds which were the dominant background sources in the search. For the background caused by two consecutive hadronic showers in the calorimeter due to a neutron, the author evaluated the background yield using a data-driven approach. For another background caused by an η meson production—η decays two photons—by a neutron that hits a veto counter near the calorimeter, the author developed an original analysis technique to reduce it. The book also contributes to the analysis of the normalization modes (KL→3π0, KL→2π0, KL→2γ) to measure KL yield, the estimation of the signal acceptance based on a simulation, and the evaluation of the trigger efficiency. As a result, significant improvements in the measurement were achieved, and this is an important step in the continuing higher sensitivity search, which can reach new physics with the energy scales up to O(100-1000 TeV).
The physics motivation for searches for very rare kaon decays, either forbidden or suppressed within the Standard Model, is briefly discussed. Simple arguments conclude that such searches probe possible new forces at a 200 TeV mass scale or constitute a precision test of the electroweak model. The examples of such processes are decays of K{sub L}{sup O}→[mu]{sup {plus_minus}}e{sup {minus_plus}}, K{sup {plus}}→[pi]{sup {plus}}[mu]{sup {plus}}e−, K{sub L}{sup O}→[mu]−, and K{sup {plus}}→[pi]{sup {plus}}[nu]{bar {nu}}. We present the current experimental status and describe the new efforts to reach sensitivities down to 1 part in 1012. The discussion is focused on the experimental program at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where intense beams make such studies possible.
Presenting the proceedings of FPCP 2018, this book reviews the status quo of flavor physics and discusses the latest findings in this exciting area. Flavor physics has been instrumental in the formulation and understanding of the standard model, and it is possible that the direction of new physics will be significantly influenced by flavor sector, also known as the intensity frontier, making it possible to indirectly test the existence of new physics up to a very high scale, beyond that of the energy frontier scale accessible at the LHC. The book is intended for academics around the globe involved in particle physics research, professionals associated with the related technologies and those who are interested in learning about the future of physics and its prospects and directions.
The subject of rare and ultra-rare kaons decays is very active at this time with 8 experiments from 4 labs reporting new results recently and 6 new experiments recently approved. The physics topics under study include flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC), measurements of direct and indirect CP violation and searches for lepton flavor violation (LFV). These measurements are all characterized by very high sensitivities, studying modes with branching ratios in the 10−7--10−12 range with single event sensitivities approaching 10−12. This is a region of sensitivity beyond the reach of charm and B experiment, at least for now. The development of beams with fluxes well above 1MHz of kaon decays enable these experiments. In this paper the author covers some of the important new results and the goals for the new experiments.