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Extensively revised edition of a much-respected work examines thermodynamics of irreversible processes, general principles of statistical thermodynamics, assemblies of noninteracting structureless particles, and statistical theory. 1966 edition.
Some aspects of the physics of many-body systems arbitrarily away from equilibrium, mainly the characterization and irreversible evolution of their macroscopic state, are considered. The present status of phenomenological irreversible thermodynamics is described. An approach for building a statistical thermodynamics - dubbed Informational-Statistical-Thermodynamics - based on a non-equilibrium statistical ensemble formalism is presented. The formalism can be considered as encompassed within the scope of the so-called Predictive Statistical Mechanics, in which the predictability of future states in terms of the knowledge of present and past states, and the question of historicity in the case of systems with complex behaviour, is its main characteristic. The book is recommended for researchers in the area of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, as well as a textbook for advanced courses for graduate students in the area of condensed matter physics.
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1903 edition. Excerpt: ...certain circumstances, be expressed in the form of a condition for a maximum or minimum. This can be done when, and only when, the conditions imposed upon the system are such that the lefthand side of (76) represents the variation of some one function. The most important of these cases are dealt with separately in the following paragraphs. They correspond exactly to the propositions which we have already deduced for special cases. From these propositions it may at once be seen whether it is a case of a maximum or a minimum. 150. First Case ( 141).--If no exchange of heat take place with the surrounding medium, the first law gives SU = W, hence, by (76), 8 = 0 (77) Among all the states of the system which can proceed from one another by adiabatic processes, the state of equilibrium is distinguished by a maximum of the entropy. Should there be several states in which the entropy has a maximum value, each one of them is a state of equilibrium; but if the entropy be greater in one than in all the others, then that state represents absolutely stable equilibrium, for it could no longer be the starting-point of any change whatsoever. 151. Second Case ( 142).--If the temperature be kept constant, equation (76) passes into and, by (71), -SF =-W. Among all the states which the system may assume at a given temperature, a state of equilibrium is characterized by the fact that the free energy of the system cannot decrease without performing an equivalent amount of work. If the external work be a negligible quantity, as it is when the volume is kept constant or in numerous chemical processes, then W = 0, and the condition of equilibrium becomes SF = 0, -i.e. among the states which can proceed from one another by isothermal...
Excerpt from Treatise on Thermodynamics The oft-repeated requests either to publish my collected papers on Thermodynamics, or to work them up into a comprehensive treatise, first suggested the writing of this book. Although the first plan would have been the simpler, especially as I found no occasion to make any important changes in the line of thought of my original papers, yet I decided to rewrite the whole subject-matter, with the intention of giving at greater length, and with more detail, certain general considerations and demonstraé tions too concisely expressed in these papers. My chief reason, however, was that an opportunity was thus offered of presenting the entire field of Thermodynamics from a uniform point of view. This, to be sure, deprives the work of the character of an original contribution to science, and stamps it rather as an introductory text-book on Thermo dynamics for students who have taken elementary courses in Physics and Chemistry, and are familiar with the elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.