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Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde is a first-hand account of a journey taken in 1810-11 through parts of present-day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and Iraq. The author, Henry Pottinger (1789-1856), was a lieutenant in the East India Company who, along with a friend and fellow officer, Captain Charles Christie, volunteered to undertake a mission to the region between India and Persia (present-day Iran), about which the East India Company at that time had little knowledge. The two men journeyed from Bombay (present-day Mumbai) to Sind (present-day southeast Pakistan) from where, disguised as Indians, they traveled overland to Kalat. They were quickly recognized as Europeans, but they were able to continue their journey to Nushki, near the present-day border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. There the men separated. Pottinger continued westward to Persia, through Kerman to Shiraz and Isfahan. Christie traveled north from Nushki into Afghanistan, through Helmand to Herat and from there into Persia to Yazd and Isfahan, where he rejoined Pottinger. Christie was directed to remain in Persia, where in 1812 he was killed in a Russian attack. Pottinger returned to Bombay via Baghdad and Basra. The book is in two parts. The first is a detailed account of Pottinger's journey, with observations on climate, terrain, soil, plants and animals, peoples and tribes, customs, religion, and popular beliefs. The second is an introduction to the history and geography of the provinces of Baluchistan and Sind. An appendix reproduces part of the journal kept by Christie on his travels through Afghanistan. The book contains one colored illustration at the front and a large fold-out map after the end of the text. Pottinger went on to have a distinguished career with the East India Company and the British government. In April 1843 he was appointed the first British governor of Hong Kong.
Balochistan has been an important contact zone between the Indian Subcontinent and the Iranian Plateau. It is a region where a variety of languages intermingle, different religions jostle for attention, and traditional ways of living are challenged by modernity. The papers in this volume explore Balochistan's linguistic, socio-political and cultural diversity. Balochistan is in many ways a marginalised region in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Traditional economies persist, but modernity is rapidly gaining ground. Tensions between traditionalism and modernity are explored in several articles. Other articles examine the impact of economic development in Balochistan.Political borders are always problematic and this is particularly so in southwest Asia. Only in the late 19th century were the present borders between Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan drawn. As modern nation states were consolidated in the 20th century, the Baloch found themselves under the dominion of Islamabad and Tehran. The Baloch nationalist movement, which is treated in a number of articles, has been much stronger in former British India-Pakistan than in Iran. A powerful element of self-definition in the Middle East and South Asia is religious belief. In Balochistan this may take the form of Balochi Sunni assertions contra Persian Shia ones, or attempts by the minority Zikri Baloch to resist mainstream Sunnism. Another source of social demarcation is tribal affiliation. Thus difference between self and other is not always Baloch versus non-Baloch. Both religious and social demarcations are discussed in various articles in this volume.The Balochi language is the subject of several articles in the volume. This language is a conglomerate of dialects with diverging grammatical systems, and it is therefore by no means possible to speak of a standard Balochi language. Throughout history the Baloch have been in contact with other groups, and this has influenced their language. In the eastern parts of the Balochi speaking-region contact with Indo-Aryan languages is particularly intense as it is in the western parts with Persian. But other languages are also spoken in Balochistan. This has created widespread multilingualism, where one language (the national language or an international language) may be used for reading and writing and Balochi as well as other local languages are used in various oral domains.
Including Sinde, Afghanistan, Belloochistan, Punjab And The Neighbouring States.