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In the first decade of the twenty-first century, France underwent a particularly turbulent period during which urban riots in 2005 and labor protests in 2006 galvanized people across the country and brought the question of youth unemployment among its poorer, multiethnic outer cities into the national spotlight. Drawing on more than a year of ethnographic field research in the housing projects of the French city of Limoges, Yearning to Labor chronicles the everyday struggles of a group of young people as they confront unemployment at more than triple the national rate--and the crushing despair it engenders. Against the background of this ethnographic context, John P. Murphy illuminates how the global spread of neoliberal ideologies and practices is experienced firsthand by contemporary urban youths in the process of constructing their identities. An original investigation of the social ties that produce this community, Yearning to Labor explores the ways these young men and women respond to the challenges of economic liberalization, deindustrialization, and social exclusion. At its heart, Yearning to Labor asks if the French republican model of social integration, assimilation, and equality before the law remains viable in a context marked by severe economic exclusion in communities of ethnic and religious diversity. Yearning to Labor is both an ethnographic account of a certain group of French youths as they navigate a suffocating job market and an analysis of the mechanisms underlying the shifting economic inequalities at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Using panel data for 15 industrial countries, active labor market policies (ALMPs) are shown to have raised employment rates in the business sector in the 1990s, after controlling for many institutions, country-specific effects, and economic variables. Among such policies, direct subsidies to job creation were the most effective. ALMPs also affected employment rates by reducing real wages below levels allowed by technological growth, changes in the unemployment rate, and institutional and other economic factors. However, part of this wage moderation may be linked to a composition effect because policies were targeted to low-paid individuals. Whether ALMPs are cost-effective from a budgetary perspective remains to be determined, but they are certainly not substitutes for comprehensive institutional reforms.
The book is written in English and sets out the basics of French employment law. It includes recent reforms brought in by President Macron many of which were published in the Code du travail (French employment law Code) on 3 January 2018. There are comprehensive references throughout to the articles of the French Code du travail
L’insertion sur le marché du travail en France des individus sous un contrat de travail temporaire (CTT) est un processus complexe que cette thèse se propose d’examiner. La première partie étudie les déterminants du recours aux CTT. La littérature montre que les CTT sont des solutions aux problèmes liés à l'antisélection, à l'aléa moral, à l'appariement et enfin à l’incertitude affectant l’environnement externe de l’entreprise. Les résultats des estimations à partir de l'enquête Emploi historique confirment l'effet positif des coûts de contractualisation évoqués par la littérature. La deuxième partie vise à tester si un CTT pouvait être un tremplin vers un CDI. A partir d’un échantillon de l'enquête Emploi, les résultats montrent que, pour les hommes et les femmes, la probabilité de transition vers un CDI décroît après le 12ème mois. Après un CTT dans le secteur public, comparé au privé, les travailleurs temporaires se retrouvent plutôt en chômage ou sous un autre CTT. La troisième partie de la thèse analyse l’impact des transitions individuelles d’un CDD vers un CDI sur le salaire. Nous présentons un modèle permettant d'interpréter la transition d'un emploi temporaire à un emploi permanent à partir d'un mécanisme de tournoi. Les propriétés d'équilibre du modèle montrent que l'écart de salaire entre CDI et CDD est positivement corrélé à l'incertitude qui accompagne la sélection sous le statut de CDD. A partir de l'enquête Emploi et en utilisant la taille de l’entreprise comme proxy de l’incertitude, nos résultats confirment qu’une augmentation de l'incertitude lors de la sélection conduit à un renforcement de l'écart de salaire entre promus et non-promus.
In this major work, sociologists Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello go to the heart of the changes in contemporary capitalism. Via an unprecedented analysis of the latest management texts that have formed the thinking of employers in their reorganization of business, the authors trace the contours of a new spirit of capitalism. They argue that from the middle of the 1970s onwards, capitalism abandoned the hierarchical Fordist work structure and developed a new network-based form of organization that was founded on employee initiative and autonomy in the workplace-a "freedom" that came at the cost of material and psychological security. The authors connect this new spirit with the children of the libertarian and romantic currents of the late 1960s (as epitomised by dressed-down, cool capitalists such as Bill Gates and "Ben and Jerry") arguing that they practice a more successful and subtle-form of exploitation. Now a classic work charting the sociological structure of neoliberalism, Boltanski and Chiapello show how the new spirit triumphed thanks to a remarkable recuperation of the left's critique of the alienation of everyday life that simultaneously undermined their "social critique." In this new edition, the two authors reflect on the reception of the book and the debates it has stimulated.
A century after the publication of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism , a major new work examines network-based organization, employee autonomy and post-Fordist horizontal work structures.
This glossary will be a privileged tool of translators, experts and all those working in the field of social issues. About 15 000 primary entries and a total of 28 500 terms contribute to make this glossary a comprehensive compilation in the field of social security.