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La mayoría de los psicólogos científicos y de los psicoterapeutas tienen como punto de partida convicciones filosóficas sin ser conscientes de ellas, ni de sus fundamentos. Durante veinticinco siglos, desde los tiempos de Platón y Aristóteles, fueron siempre filósofos los que investigaron las cuestiones y los problemas psicológicos. En 1879 Wilhelm Wundt y William James, tras años de dedicación a la Antropología y Psicología Filosófica, inauguraron la investigación científica en Psicología. Ambos integraban sus convicciones filosóficas y su quehacer de laboratorio. Pero posteriormente, la generalidad de los psicólogos que se dedicaron a la investigación científica obviaron plantearse la metateoría implicada en ella. El autor propone la conveniencia de que estos investigadores en Psicología sean conscientes de sus convicciones filosóficas inconscientes y que se pregunten por qué las consideran verdaderas. Como creador –junto con Ana Gimeno-Bayón- del modelo de la Psicoterapia Integradora Humanista, ofrece aquí una primera serie de presupuestos filosóficos implicados en dicho modelo. Sobre ellos ha podido identificar antecedentes en los filósofos ARISTÓTELES, DILTHEY, BERDIAEV, JASPERS, LANGER, CASSIRER, ZUBIRI, ORTEGA Y GASSET, CENCILLO, PÁNIKKAR, von BERTALANFFY, BUNGE, LAÍN ENTRALGO y TRESMONTANT. En otro volumen espera referirse a Bachelard, Bergson, Ferrater Mora, Husserl, W.James, Maréchal, Merleau-Ponty, Popper, Scheler, Solomon, Tomás de Aquino y Whitehead, Este libro espera aportar: a quienes practiquen el modelo, conciencia de la concepción del ser humano que implica; y a quienes son ajenos al mismo, preguntas sobre el trasfondo filosófico de su propio quehacer terapéutico.
En muchos de los modelos de psicoterapias humanistas se ha acostumbrado a destacar como prioritaria la importancia de las actitudes facilitadoras de la buena relación terapéutica, por encima de las técnicas de intervención. Sin embargo, resulta sorprendente la gran variedad de éstas que se han ido presentando, destacándose aparte de la comunicación verbal y la escucha empática- la abundancia de procedimientos de intervención con actividad imaginaria o psicocorporal. Este libro, eminentemente práctico, recoge 42 intervenciones de las creadas por la autora en el marco del modelo de la Psicoterapia Integradora Humanista, modelo del que es autora, junto con Ramón Rosal. Pero igualmente les será útil a terapeutas que trabajan con modelos flexibles. Se trata de una serie de propuestas –con abundante presencia de la actividad imaginaria, que resulta notablemente eficaz para entrar en contacto con las experiencias emocionales- de las que ha ido constatando su utilidad a lo largo de más de cuarenta años de ejercicio de la profesión como psicoterapeuta de adultos, en modalidad individual, de pareja y de grupo. En algunos pocos casos, se inspiraron parcialmente en algún otro autor, y en ese caso se deja constancia de ello a través de la cita del concepto que catapultó a crear la intervención. El libro no pretende ser un recetario, sino un conjunto de sugerencias que sirvan de estímulo para que el psicoterapeuta las modifique y adapte a la situación y la persona que tiene delante, por-que el objetivo es ser útil a esa persona desde el punto de vista de su salud mental en la superación de los trastornos psicológicos, y su crecimiento personal o autorrealización.
This ground-breaking volume provides readers with both an overview of harm reduction therapy and a series of ten case studies, treated by different therapists, that vividly illustrate this treatment approach with a wide variety of clients. Harm reduction is a framework for helping drug and alcohol users who cannot or will not stop completely—the majority of users—reduce the harmful consequences of use. Harm reduction accepts that abstinence may be the best outcome for many but relaxes the emphasis on abstinence as the only acceptable goal and criterion of success. Instead, smaller incremental changes in the direction of reduced harmfulness of drug use are accepted. This book will show how these simple changes in emphasis and expectation have dramatic implications for improving the effectiveness of psychotherapy in many ways. From the Foreword by Alan Marlatt, Ph.D.: “This ground-breaking volume provides readers with both an overview of harm reduction therapy and a series of ten case studies, treated by different therapists, that vividly illustrate this treatment approach with a wide variety of clients. In his introduction, Andrew Tatarsky describes harm reduction as a new paradigm for treating drug and alcohol problems. Some would say that harm reduction embraces a paradigm shift in addiction treatment, as it has moved the field beyond the traditional abstinence-only focus typically associated with the disease model and the ideology of the twelve-step approach. Others may conclude that the move toward harm reduction represents an integration of what Dr. Tatarsky describes as the “basic principles of good clinical practice” into the treatment of addictive behaviors. “Changing addiction behavior is often a complex and complicated process for both client and therapist. What seems to work best is the development of a strong therapeutic alliance, the right fit between the client and treatment provider. The role of the harm reduction therapist is closer to that of a guide, someone who can provide support an
In one of the first attempts to bring an integral dimension to sociology, Ken Wilber introduces a system of reliable methods by which to make testable judgments of the authenticity of any religious movement. A Sociable God is a concise work based on Wilber's "spectrum of consciousness" theory, which views individual and cultural development as an evolutionary continuum. Here he focuses primarily on worldviews (archaic, magic, mythic, mental, psychic, subtle, causal, nondual) and evaluates various cultural and religious movements on a scale ranging from egocentric to ethnocentric to worldcentric to Kosmic. By using this integral view, Wilber hopes, society would be able to discriminate between dangerous cults and authentic spiritual paths. In addition, he points out why these distinctions are crucial in understanding spiritual experiences and altered states of consciousness. In a lengthy new introduction, the author brings the reader up to date on his latest integral thinking and concludes that, for the succinct and elegant way it argues for a sociology of depth, A Sociable God remains a clarion call for a greater sociology.
The Harvard Cocaine Recovery Project, a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded randomized clinical trial, was initiated in 1986 to compare different approaches for treating cocaine abusers. Modified Dynamic Group Therapy (MDGT), one of the models used in the study, is a short-term supportive-expressive psychodynamic group approach specifically adapted for cocaine addicts. While many previous studies of substance abuse treatment were compromised by extraordinarily high dropout rates, this approach retained nearly 70% of group members for the entire length of treatment. This book describes MDGT and provides a practical guide to implementation. Based on an understanding of the psychological vulnerabilities of addicts, the MDGT model addresses the modifications in psychodynamic technique that are necessary for addicts' needs. It focuses on four main areas of difficulty involving self-regulation; affect, self-esteem, relationship, and self-care problems. Both supportive and expressive, the approach helps group members identify, process, and modify the characterological traits that mask addict's vulnerabilities. With this approach, a well-led group can heighten self-esteem, improve self-care, combat feelings of isolation and shame, and strengthen the individual's capacity for positive change. Concomitant involvement with an individual therapist/counselor is encouraged as a means to support and facilitate the group therapy, especially early in group treatment, and to maintain a flexible individual and group treatment context for self-exploration and understanding. Bringing the model to life are detailed vignettes and transcripts of groups in different phases of recovery. These cases demonstrate techniques, illustrate technical issues, and illuminate major themes that unfold during treatment.
Harm reduction principles and strategies are designed to minimize the destructive consequences of illicit drug use and other behaviors that may pose serious health risks. The first major harm reduction text, this provocative and timely volume examines a wide range of current applications¿from needle exchange and methadone maintenance programs, to alternative alcohol interventions and HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns. Insight is also offered into the often contentious philosophical and policy-related debates surrounding this growing movement.
Rights, by Richard Falk.
The illusion that ethnography is a matter of sorting strange and irregular facts into familiar and orderly categories—this is magic, that is technology—has long since been exploded. What it is instead, however, is less clear. That it might be a kind of writing, putting things to paper, has now and then occurred to those engaged in producing it, consuming it, or both. But the examination of it as such has been impeded by several considerations, none of them very reasonable. One of these, especially weighty among the producers, has been simply that it is an unanthropological sort of thing to do. What a proper ethnographer ought properly to be doing is going out to places, coming back with information about how people live there, and making that information available to the professional community in practical form, not lounging about in libraries reflecting on literary questions. Excessive concern, which in practice usually means any concern at all, with how ethnographic texts are constructed seems like an unhealthy self-absorption—time wasting at best, hypochondriacal at worst. The advantage of shifting at least part of our attention from the fascinations of field work, which have held us so long in thrall, to those of writing is not only that this difficulty will become more clearly understood, but also that we shall learn to read with a more percipient eye. A hundred and fifteen years (if we date our profession, as conventionally, from Tylor) of asseverational prose and literary innocence is long enough.
Cardinal Kasper, in an address to the consistory, published in English exclusively by Paulist Press, advocates a stronger appreciation of marriage and the family—even on sensitive issues such as divorce and remarriage.