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In this thesis, a centrality dependent study of tow-particle momentum correlations of like-sign pions (HBT interferometry) from Pb-Au collisions at beam energies of 40, 80 and 158 AGeV is presented. The three-dimensional correlation function C_2, depending on the relative momentum components of the particle pair, was parameterized using a three-dimensional Gaussian, modified to consider the final state Coulomb repulsion. The parameterization was done in the Cartesian out-side-long system as proposed by G. Bertsch and S. Pratt. A differential analysis of the HBT radius parameters as a function of the mean transverse pair momentum k_perp allowed to determine transverse geometrical source sizes of about 5.5 fm to 7 fm, increasing with energy and centrality. The mean transverse flow velocity v_perp was found to be of the order 0.5--0.6 c. For the freeze-out time tau_f values between 6 and 8 fm/c were obtained with a duration of particle emission compatible with zero. The beam energy dependence of the HBT radii provide evidence for a universal pion freeze-out condition. The analyzed data have been recorded with the CERES spectrometer at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator at CERN.
This book provides an update on our understanding of strong interaction, with theoretical and experimental highlights included. It is divided into five sections. The first section is devoted to the investigations into and the latest results on the mechanism of quark confinement. The second and third sections focus respectively on light and heavy quarks (effective field theories, Schwinger-Dyson approach and lattice QCD results). The fourth section deals with the deconfinement mechanism and quark-gluon plasma formation signals. The last section presents highlights of experiments, new physics beyond QCD, and nonperturbative approaches in other theories (strings and SUSY) that may be useful in QCD.
The 28th conference from the Rochester series was the major high energy physics conference in 1996. Volume one contains short reports on new theoretical and experimental results. Volume two consists of the review talks presented in the plenary sessions.
This exhaustive survey is the result of a four year effort by many leading researchers in the field to produce both a readable introduction and a yardstick for the many upcoming experiments using heavy ion collisions to examine the properties of nuclear matter. The books falls naturally into five large parts, first examining the bulk properties of strongly interacting matter, including its equation of state and phase structure. Part II discusses elementary hadronic excitations of nuclear matter, Part III addresses the concepts and models regarding the space-time dynamics of nuclear collision experiments, Part IV collects the observables from past and current high-energy heavy-ion facilities in the context of the theoretical predictions specific to compressed baryonic matter. Part V finally gives a brief description of the experimental concepts. The book explicitly addresses everyone working or planning to enter the field of high-energy nuclear physics.