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By emphasizing, using English-German examples, the notion of factor set, this book fosters the awareness that successful and adequate translation requires properly accounting for the pertinent translation factors in each individual case. The factor approach gives translation criticism an objective yardstick for assessing the quality of translations . The authors explore the linguistic factors, including treatment of illocution and its indeterminacy, and perlocution, as well as non-linguistic factors such as factuality, situation, and culture. The book also includes aspects more genuinely linked to the notion of translation itself, such as translation units and word class and the nature and status of factors in translation theory.
Machine translation has become increasingly popular, especially with the introduction of neural machine translation in major online translation systems. However, despite the rapid advances in machine translation, the role of a human translator remains crucial. As illustrated by the chapters in this book, man-machine interaction is essential in machine translation, localisation, terminology management, and crowdsourcing translation. In fact, the importance of a human translator before, during, and after machine processing, cannot be overemphasised as human intervention is the best way to ensure the translation quality of machine translation. This volume explores the role of a human translator in machine translation from various perspectives, affording a comprehensive look at this topical research area. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in translation studies, machine translation or interested in translation technology.
This title is a collection of contributions illustrating research interests and achivements in translation studies at the turn of the 21st century. The contributions show how the context of translation has expanded to cover documentation techniques, cultural and psychological factors, computer tools, ideological issues, media translation and methodologies. A total of 32 papers deal with aspects such as conceptual analysis in translation studies, situational, sociological and political factors, and psychological and cognitive aspects of translation.
Case Study from the year 2021 in the subject Interpreting / Translating , University of Babylon (College of Education for Human Sciences), course: Ph.D., language: English, abstract: This paper is an attempt at investigating the relationship that occurs between the translator and the writer. It aims at revealing how the translator works within the conditions of cognitive factors, such as interpretation, intention & context, and how or even why the target text comes to have its final version. However, T.S. Eliot’s Journey of the Magi and its translation into Arabic are chosen here as the data of this study. The Arabic translation is made by Badr Shakir As-Sayyab published in his book, entitled Selected Pomes of the Modern World Poetry. However, this translation will be gauged in terms of natural cognitive factors that affect the translator during the process of translation. Besides, The model of Analysis is proposed by Louise Cummings in his article entitled Theory of mind in utterance interpretation (2015: 100-112), cited in Airenti, Cruciani & Plebe (eds.) (2017). Two hypotheses have been included in this regard. First, since the translator has the control to manipulate, interpose, and recreate the text, he might become the writer of that text. Secondly, the linguistic repertoire (choices) and decisions made by the translator may be affected in terms of the cognitive factors mentioned above.
Text Analysis in Translation has become a classic in Translation Studies. Based on a functional approach to translation and endebted to pragmatic text linguistics, it suggests a model for translation-oriented source-text analysis applicable to all text types and genres independent of the language and culture pairs involved. Part 1 of the study presents the theoretical framework on which the model is based, and surveys the various concepts of translation theory and text linguistics. Part 2 describes the role and scope of source-text analysis in the translation process and explains why the model is relevant to translation. Part 3 presents a detailed study of the extratextual and intratextual factors and their interaction in the text, using numerous examples from all areas of professional translation. Part 4 discusses the applications of the model to translator training, placing particular emphasis on the selection of material for translation classes, grading the difficulty of translation tasks, and translation quality assessment. The book concludes with the practical analysis of a number of texts and their translations, taking into account various text types and several languages (German, English, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Dutch).
Increasing attention has been paid to the agency of translators and interpreters, as well as to the social factors that permeate acts of translation and interpreting. In addition, agency and social factors are discussed in more interdisciplinary terms. Currently the focus is not only on translators or interpreters – i.e., the exploration of their inter/intra-social agency and identity construction (or on their activities and the consequences thereof), but also on other phenomena, such as the displacement of texts and people and issues of access and linguicism. The displacement of texts (whether written or oral) across time and space, as well as the geographic displacement of people, has encouraged researchers in Translation and Interpreting Studies to consider issues related to translation and interpreting through the lens of the Sociology of Language, Sociolinguistics, and Historiography. Researchers have employed a myriad of theoretical and methodological lenses borrowed from other disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Therefore, the interdisciplinarity of Translation and Interpreting Studies is more evident now than ever before. This volume, originally published as a special issue of Translation and Interpreting Studies (issue 7:2, 2012), is a perfect example of such interdisciplinarity, reflecting the shift that has occurred in Translation and Interpreting Studies around the world over the last 30 years.