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A rising median age at which PhD's receive their first research grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is among the factors forcing academic biomedical researchers to spend longer periods of time before they can set their own research directions and establish there independence. The fear that promising prospective scientists will choose other career paths has raised concerns about the future of biomedical research in the United States. At the request of NIH, the National Academies conducted a study on ways to address these issues. The report recommends that NIH make fostering independence of biomedical researchers an agencywide goal, and that it take steps to provide postdocs and early-career investigators with more financial support for their own research, improve postdoc mentoring and establish programs for new investigators and staff scientists among other mechanisms.
Strengthening the rule of law has become a key factor for the transition to democracy and the protection of human rights. Though its significance has materialized in international standard setting, the question of implementation is largely unexplored. This book describes judicial independence as a central aspect of the rule of law in different stages of transition to democracy. The collection of state-specific studies explores the legal situation of judiciaries in twenty states from North America, over Western, Central and South-Eastern Europe to post-Soviet states and engages in a comparative legal analysis. Through a detailed account of the current situation it takes stocks, considers advances in and shortcomings of judicial reform and offers advice for future strategies. The book shows that the implementation of judicial independence requires continuous efforts, not only in countries in transition but also in established democracies which are confronted with ever new challenges.
More and more young men and women today are taking longer and having more difficulty making a successful transition to adulthood. They are staying in school longer, having a harder time finding steady employment at jobs that provide health insurance, and are not marrying and having children until much later in life than their parents did. In The Price of Independence, a roster of distinguished experts diagnose the extent and causes of these trends. Observers of social trends have speculated on the economic changes that may be delaying the transition to adulthood—from worsening job opportunities to mounting student debt and higher housing costs—but few have offered empirical evidence to back up their claims. The Price of Independence represents the first significant analysis of these economic explanations, charting the evolving life circumstances of eighteen to thirty-five year-olds over the last few decades. Lisa Bell, Gary Burtless, Janet Gornick, and Timothy M. Smeeding show that the earnings of young workers in the United States and a number of industrialized countries have declined relative to the cost of supporting a family, which may explain their protracted dependence. In addition, Henry Farber finds that job stability for young male workers has dropped over the last generation. But while economic factors have some influence on young people's transitions to adulthood, The Price of Independence shows that changes in the economic climate can not account for the magnitude of the societal shift in the timing of independent living, marriage, and childbearing. Aaron Yelowitz debunks the myth that steep housing prices are forcing the young to live at home—housing costs actually fell between 1980 and 2000 once lower interest rates and tax subsidies are taken into account. And Ngina Chiteji reveals that average student loan debt is only $3,500 per household. The trend toward starting careers and families later appears to have more to do with changing social norms, as well as policies that have broadened access to higher education, than with changes in the economy. For better or worse, the current generation is redefining the nature and boundaries of what it means to be a young adult. The Price of Independence documents just how dramatically the modern lifecycle has changed and offers evidence as an antidote to much of the conventional wisdom about these social changes.
The ASD Independence Workbook offers powerful skills to help teens and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) successfully navigate the skills required for daily living and integration into their communities. Teens and young adults with ASD face many unique challenges on the road to growing up. Daily interactions that we often take for granted—yet are imperative for living independently—can be particularly difficult. People with ASD require practice with simple activities and interactions in school, in the community, and on the job site. So how can you help the teen in your life gain the skills needed to successfully transition into adulthood? This easy-to-follow and engaging workbook is designed to help young adults ages fourteen and up develop invaluable communication skills and practice with interactions they would encounter in everyday life. Teens will also find information on topics that are imperative for a successful transition into adulthood—including health and safety, self-care, and more. This unique book not only focuses on what adaptive skills are needed in the real world, but also gives teens with ASD the ability to practice these skills, either independently or with a teacher/caregiver. Give the teen in your life the gift of independence. With this workbook, they will be one step closer to leading full, productive, and meaningful lives. Teens need mental health resources more than ever. With over 1.2 million copies sold worldwide, Instant Help Books for teens are engaging, proven-effective, and recommended by therapists.
“Social scientists are gradually responding to the challenge of re-theorizing youth transitions in the face of social change, and this book makes an important contribution to the literature in this respect. It provides absorbing insights into intergenerational change and its effect on intergenerational relationships, and will be of interest to students of family studies as well as youth studies.” Gill Jones, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Keele University How do young people experience leaving home? What is the relationship between leaving home, independence and adulthood? How important are family, friends and other sources of support in young people’s lives? This book addresses important aspects of youth transitions. It uses the experiences of leaving or planning to leave the parental home as an example of an increasingly complex transition, one which provides the opportunity to reflect upon the meanings of home, independence and adulthood. It explores cross-cultural differences , as well as the interrelationships between transitions to adulthood, the achievement of independence, and leaving home. The role of significant others, particularly parents, on young people’s decisions is a key theme, as well as considering how young people’s practices impact on others. The book places the processes of leaving the parental home in a wider perspective, theoretically and in terms of policy concerns. Throughout the text, different international contexts are used for comparison. Drawing on a broad range of disciplines including sociology, geography, social policy, youth studies and cultural studies, this is a key text for researchers, post-graduate students and final year undergraduates interested in issues related to the family, youth studies and comparative social sciences.
Focusing on the growing power of transnational media corporations in an increasingly globalized environment for distribution of television content, and on the effects of mergers and acquisitions involving local and independent television production companies, this book examines how current and recent re-structurings in ownership across the television industry reflect changing business models, how they affect creativity and diversity of television output, and to what extent they call for new approaches to regulation and policy. Based on a major study of the UK production sector as a case study, it offers a unique analysis of wider transformations in ownership affecting the television production industry worldwide and of their economic, socio-cultural and policy implications.
Literary Radicalism in India situates postcolonial Indian literature in relation to the hugely influential radical literary movements initiated by the Progressive Writers Association and the Indian People's Theatre Association. In so doing, it redresses a visible historical gap in studies of postcolonial India. Through readings of major fiction, pamphlets and cinema, this book also shows how gender was of constitutive importance in the struggle to define 'India' during the transition to independence.
"With the help of email and mobile phones, the modern American workday has seeped into nearly every moment of our waking lives. The result: we are becoming time-poor, with too much focus on work and not nearly enough time for life. There is an alternative, however: the lifestyle of independent consultants, professionals who offer their expertise on a per-project basis. Independents have the freedom to regain a healthy work/life balance and live happier lives--without sacrificing their earning potential"--Page 4 of cover.