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Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology deals with dating, chronology, stratigraphy, volcanic activity, and with the impacts of volcanism on animals, plants, human populations, and the environment. Some of the chapters explain how such findings must be weighed against other causes that influence human behavior and survival, such as factors of social customs, climatic change, shifting biogeographic patterns, disease, and the ability to adapt. Each of the chapters that assess the possible human response to volcanism does so by searching for multiple explanations of the archaeological record, avoiding the simple argument that people were dramatically and inevitably overcome by catastrophic geologic events. The book begins with discussions of volcanism as seen by geologists and pedologists. These include s a general overview of volcanoes and volcanism; a review of the production, dispersal, and properties of tephra and of the geologic methods used to study tephra; and the nature of volcanic soils and their economic impact. Subsequent chapters use the geologic and modern records to examine volcanoes as hazards to people. The final series of papers deals with the interrelationships between volcanism and human occupations as seen through the archaeological, paleobotanical, and paleozoological records.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
International Review of Forestry Research, Volume 1 is a collection of reviews and summaries of world literature concerning defined problem areas in forestry research. This book is composed of seven chapters, and starts with a general survey of the historical development of international forestry research, specifically in Central Europe, since the origin of forest management and of forestry as a science lies on it. This historical development includes historical methods in the practice of forest science, human influences, economics, culture, and laws. The subsequent chapters describe the methods for improvement of forest growth on swamps, the concept of nutrient requirement in forestry, and the methods for determining nutrient requirements of forest trees and stands. These topics are followed by discussions on the biological and environmental aspects of forest site appraisal systems; the anatomy, chemistry, and physiology of bark; and advances in the physiology and biochemistry of tree seeds during maturation, storage, and germination. The concluding chapter considers the development of harmonious control in agricultural, horticultural, and forestry crops, as well as the human influence on regulation and determination of insect populations. This book will prove useful to forest scientists, research workers, teachers, advanced students, administrators, economists, and forest and land managers.