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Acknowledging the formidable hurdles trans and nonbinary athletes face in their struggles for inclusion, acceptance, and freedom, this book documents and analyses their resistance across a range of social-cultural and geopolitical contexts, from community sport to high-performance competition.
Bringing insights from sociology, philosophy, science and law, contributors present cogent analyses of these developments and explore the way forward, providing thoughtful and original recommendations for changes to policies and practices that are inclusive, innovative and democratic.
Acknowledging the formidable hurdles trans and nonbinary athletes face in their struggles for inclusion, acceptance, and freedom, this book documents and analyses their resistance across a range of social-cultural and geopolitical contexts, from community sport to high-performance competition.
While efforts to include gay and lesbian athletes in competitive sport have received significant attention, it is only recently that we have begun examining the experiences of transgender athletes in competitive sport. This book represents the first comprehensive study of the challenges that transgender athletes face in competitive sport; and the challenges they pose for this sex-segregated institution. Beginning with a discussion of the historical role that sport has played in preserving sex as a binary, the book examines how gender has been policed by policymakers within competitive athletics. It also considers how transgender athletes are treated by a system predicated on separating males from females, consequently forcing transgender athletes to negotiate the system in coercive ways. The book not only exposes our culture’s binary thinking in terms of both sex and gender, but also offers a series of thought-provoking and sometimes contradictory recommendations for how to make sport more hospitable, inclusive and equitable. Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport is important reading for all students and scholars of the sociology of sport with an interest in the relationship between sport and gender, politics, identity and ethics.
The Tokyo Olympic Games are likely to feature the first transgender athlete, a topic that will be highly contentious during the competition. But transgender and intersex athletes such as Laurel Hubbard, Tifanny Abreu, and Caster Semenya didn’t just turn up overnight. Both intersex and transgender athletes have been newsworthy stories for decades. In Sporting Gender: The History, Science, and Stories of Transgender and Intersex Athletes, Joanna Harper provides an in-depth examination of why gender diverse athletes are so controversial. She not only delves into the history of these athletes and their personal stories, but also explains in a highly accessible manner the science behind their gender diversity and why the science is important for regulatory committees—and the general public—to consider when evaluating sports performance. Sporting Gender gives the reader a perspective that is both broad in scope and yet detailed enough to grasp the nuances that are central in understanding the controversies over intersex and transgender athletes. Featuring personal investigations from the author, who has had first-person access to some of the most significant recent developments in this complex arena, this book provides fascinating insight into sex, gender, and sports.
Transgender athletes' involvement in competitive sports is a contentious issue, especially when athletes who have gone through male puberty are very effective in women's sports, or pose a considerable injury risk to female-by-birth competitors. Resistance to trans women competing in women's sports usually focuses on physiological characteristics like height and weight, or performance metrics like speed and strength-and whether long-term testosterone suppression can sufficiently reduce any natural advantages of male body characteristics within a given women's sport. Sport has traditionally been considered as a male realm. The growth of women's sports initially softened the male vision of sport, which was then challenged by the eventual acceptance of LGBT athletes. The advent of trans athletes, many of whom dispute the culturally accepted binary gender norms of male and female, marked a third departure from convention. Laurel Hubbard of New Zealand has been selected to compete in the Olympics for the first time, in a contentious decision. After qualification rules were recently amended, she was selected for the women's weightlifting squad for Tokyo 2020. Before coming out as transgender in 2013, she competed in men's events. Critics claim Hubbard has an unfair edge, while others contend that the Games should be more inclusive. We focus on the life (biography) of the first transgender athlete to compete in the Olympics, as well as the history of transgender athletes in sports, in this book.
This empirical study explores how transgender athletic adults assigned female at birth narrate their identities and experiences related to gender and sports participation. Using the methodology of social science portraiture filtered through a lens of queer feminist theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with two trans men and three nonbinary participants. The participants are diverse in terms of age (21 to 54), race (white, Asian American, and African American), current primary sports interest (squash, CrossFit, powerlifting, baseball, and rock climbing), and pronouns (he/him/his, ze/zir/zirs, and they/them/theirs). Media reports and extant research on transgender athletes tend to recount bleak histories of exclusion, vitriol, and violence. Athletic eligibility policies at all levels reflect transphobic unfounded assumptions as well as primary concerns for cisgender (i.e., not transgender) athletes. This study’s findings show that participants have overcome significant internal and external barriers in order to understand and assert their unique trans identities, and their growth mindset and determination have facilitated steep learning curves. Negotiating and embodying tension, these transgender recreational athletes draw on resources useful for successful sports performance—such as strength, resilience, cognitive abilities, and strategies of self-advocacy, picking their battles, and educating others—to re-articulate gender-variant identities that challenge cisnormative binary discourse. This study’s educational implications stem from its implicit critique not only of binary gender-segregated sports but of all policies and practices that exclude, marginalize, or otherwise oppress transgender and nonbinary people. Breaking free from binary-entrenched thinking will help educators and coaches to support students of all genders.
The Transgender Athlete: A Guide for Sports Medicine Providers presents sports medicine practitioners insights into the unique issues and concerns of transgender athletes in order to help them understand rules regarding transgender athlete participation and learn how to better provide competent care to transgender athletes. There are over 1.4 million transgender adults in the United States. Transgender individuals undergo gender-affirming treatments including sex hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery. An increasing number of transgender people are participating in sports and presenting to sports medicine clinics with injuries, yet there is little research about this athlete population. It is important that sports medicine providers understand the types of hormone treatments and surgeries and how these changes affect the musculoskeletal health of transgender people. Additionally, transgender people may require specific considerations when interacting with medical providers. Furthermore, sports medicine providers are often consulted to formulate transgender athlete inclusion policy. These policies are continuously changing, as new evidence becomes available, which may be difficult to understand without knowledge of the gender transition process. Covers the types of treatments, surgeries and affects of musculoskeletal health of transgender athletes Intended for sports medicine providers, including physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers and researchers who work with athletes Written by experts in the sports medicine field
Leading activist and essayist Brynn Tannehill tells you everything you ever wanted to know about transgender issues but were afraid to ask. The book aims to break down deeply held misconceptions about trans people across all aspects of life, from politics, law and culture, through to science, religion and mental health, to provide readers with a deeper understanding of what it means to be trans. The book walks the reader through transgender issues, starting with "What does transgender mean?" before moving on to more complex topics including growing up trans, dating and sex, medical and mental health, and debates around gender and feminism. Brynn also challenges deliberately deceptive information about transgender people being put out into the public sphere. Transphobic myths are debunked and biased research, bad statistics and bad science are carefully and clearly refuted. This important and engaging book enables any reader to become informed the most critical public conversations around transgender people, and become a better ally as a result.
Andraya Yearwood and Terry Miller were two high school transgender athletes who complied with Connecticut's inclusive policy regarding trans athletes, but they were still questioned by others about their right to participate. Currently the inclusion of transgender athletes is a highly debated topic in high school sports. Sport participation provides an important space for youth to learn teamwork, make friends, and to improve their mental and physical health (Ogilvie, 2017). High school state athletic association policies, while framed as inclusive, have the potential to exclude transgender youth from participating in sport alongside their cisgender peers. Guided by feminist cultural studies (Krane, 2001a; Waldron, 2019), I critique the different types of high school transgender athlete policies and highlight how they promote inclusion or exclusion. Four tenets of feminist cultural studies--everyday social practices, unequal gendered dynamics, hegemonic processes, and normative gender, sex, and sexuality (Waldron, 2019)--guide my analysis. The policy groupings are inclusive, no guidance, discriminatory processes, hormone intervention, gender confirmation surgery, birth certificate, and state law (Buzuvis, 2016; Transathlete.com, 2023). I identified state high school athletic association policies within the United States, grouped each policy into the specific categories, and then analyzed how each policy grouping reflected or reinforced everyday social practices, unequal gendered assumptions, and common cultural narrative. Barriers to trans inclusion stemmed from policies that strictly reinforced the sex and gender binary, assumptions about fair play, and following the heteronormative structure of sport. Some of the barriers may include requiring hormonal or surgical intervention before medically recommended, time consuming steps for changed birth certificate, and that gender affirming care may be inaccessible to trans youth due to high cost. High school athletic association policy should be used to support the inclusion of transgender athletes instead of advocating for the exclusion of transgender youth who wish to participate in sport.