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A magisterial reconstruction and analysis of the heated debates around the 'woman question' during the French Third Republic.
In Socialism of Fools, Michele Battini focuses on the critical moment during the Enlightenment in which anti-Jewish stereotypes morphed into a sophisticated, modern social anti-Semitism. He recovers the potent anti-Jewish, anticapitalist propaganda that cemented the idea of a Jewish conspiracy in the European mind and connects it to the atrocities that characterized the Jewish experience in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Beginning in the eighteenth century, counter-Enlightenment intellectuals and intransigent Catholic writers singled out Jews for conspiring to exploit self-sustaining markets and the liberal state. These ideas spread among socialist and labor movements in the nineteenth century and intensified during the Long Depression of the 1870s. Anti-Jewish anticapitalism then migrated to the Habsburg Empire with the Christian Social Party; to Germany with the Anti-Semitic Leagues; to France with the nationalist movements; and to Italy, where Revolutionary Syndicalists made anti-Jewish anticapitalism the basis of an alliance with the nationalists. Exemplified best in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the infamous document that "leaked" Jewish plans to conquer the world, the Jewish-conspiracy myth inverts reality and creates a perverse relationship to historical and judicial truth. Isolating the intellectual roots of this phenomenon and its contemporary resonances, Battini shows us why, so many decades after the Holocaust, Jewish people continue to be a powerful political target.
"Year of Sorrows draws upon an extensive array of archival sources to chronicle the famine crisis of 1709 in Lyon and its surrounding provinces." "Combining a traditional narrative of human struggle and desperate improvisation with contemporary analysis, Monahan takes his readers from the court of Versailles through the cities of Lyon into the hovels of French peasants who resisted the city's demand for their grain. Monahan goes on to analyze the political, social, economic, and demographic impact of the famine on an early modern city and explores the many conflicts created by the crisis between city and monarchy, city and countryside, and among various groups within Lyon. According to Monahan, the famine of 1709 serves as a prism to refract the interactions between royal finances and food shortages, between elites and the powerless, and between competing factions and power centers, and redefines the nature of the "absolute" monarchy of the Sun King." "This dynamic study of human struggle and its political and social dimensions sheds new light on a host of issues and problems in France before the Revolution and on the role that such crises have played in human history."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
In this bold new interpretation of the origins of ancient Rome's overseas empire, Dr Burton charts the impact of the psychology, language and gestures associated with the Roman concept of amicitia, or 'friendship'. The book challenges the prevailing orthodox Cold War-era realist interpretation of Roman imperialism and argues that language and ideals contributed just as much to Roman empire-building as military muscle. Using a constructivist theoretical framework drawn from international relations, Dr Burton replaces the modern scholarly fiction of a Roman empire built on networks of foreign clients and client-states with an interpretation grounded firmly in the discursive habits of the ancient texts themselves. The results better account for the peculiar rhythms of Rome's earliest period of overseas expansion - brief periods of vigorous military and diplomatic activity, such as the rolling back of Seleucid power in Asia Minor and Greece in 192–188 BC, followed by long periods of inactivity.