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"The U.S. Army has made a considerable investment in the use of virtual environments (VE) to train combat forces, to evaluate new systems and operational concepts, and to rehearse specific missions. While these simulations have predominately focused on training and simulation for mounted soldiers, there is also a need to train infantry and other dismounted soldiers. Although VEs have the potential to immerse dismounted soldiers directly in simulations, there are few successful examples of the use of VE to provide effective training. The effective use of VE for training requires identification of the types of tasks for which VE training is most appropriate, the characteristics of VE systems that are required to provide effective training, and the training strategies that are most appropriate for use with VE. This report presents recommendations for the use of VE for dismounted soldier training and mission rehearsal, and identifies needed future research. They are based on the results of an ARI in-house research program, related programs for which ARI scientists have participated, and the work of other VE researchers. Recommendations include types of tasks for which training in VE is and is not appropriate, interface design recommendations, and ways to reduce side- and after-effects. "-- Report documentation page.
"For this report, research was conducted to investigate the suitability of virtual environments (VE) for individual combatant training. The behaviors required by selected Dismounted Infantry and Special Operations Forces missions were linked to estimates of the availability of VE technology to support their performance. A baseline research plan was then developed as a series of vignettes in which research participants would perform the activities in clusters with similar technology demands and performance characteristics. Subsequent experiments and demonstrations were proposed to combine the activities into complete Army Training and Evaluation Program tasks. Functional requirements for a VE testbed were identified, and possible hardware and software elements were defined. No missions or tasks can be fully supported by VE at this time, but most can be partially supported. This report provides a link between dismounted soldier tasks and estimates of the VE characteristics required to support their simulated execution and training. This information will be useful in making decisions about acquisition of or investment in the development of VE technology to support dismounted combatant training. Virtual environments, Dismounted combatants, Virtual reality, Human performance, Behavioral requirements, Training"--DTIC.
The U.S. Army has made a considerable investment in the use of virtual environments (VE) to train combat forces, to evaluate new systems and operational concepts, and to rehearse specific missions. While these simulations have predominately focused on training and simulation for mounted soldiers, there is also a need to train infantry and other dismounted soldiers. Although VEs have the potential to immerse dismounted soldiers directly in simulations, there are few successful examples of the use of VE to provide effective training. The effective use of VE for training requires identification of the types of tasks for which VE training is most appropriate, the characteristics of VE systems that are required to provide effective training, and the training strategies that are most appropriate for use with VE. This report presents recommendations for the use of VE for dismounted soldier training and mission rehearsal, and identifies needed future research. They are based on the results of an ARI in-house research program, related programs in which ARI scientists have participated, and the work of other VE researchers. Recommendations include types of tasks for which training in VE is and is not appropriate, interface design recommendations, and ways to reduce side- and alter-effects.
"This report describes the work on a Science and Technology Objective (STO) entitled Virtual Environments for Dismounted Soldier Simulation, Training and Mission Rehearsal. The four-year (Fiscal Year FY 99-FY 02) STO effort was proposed to address a range of U.S. Army future operational capabilities described in U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Pamphlet 525-66 (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1997). The STO activities and goals were focused on overcoming critical technological challenges that prevented effective Infantry Soldier simulation. The U. S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) led a team of both government and industry developers in examining simulation capabilities for industry. The other government partners vent the U.S. Army Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation Command (STRICOM) and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Directorate (ARL-HRED) and Computational and information Sciences Directorate (ARL-ClSD). Each of the major players had a particular area of interest but all worked together to explore concepts and systems and to recommend directions for further work on training, concept development, and mission rehearsal."--DTIC.
For nearly a decade the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) has conducted research in using virtual environments (VE) to train dismounted soldiers. While showing that some dismounted soldiers skills can be trained in VE, the research has also identified problems in using VE for soldier training. Spatial performance deficiencies caused by disorientation and perceptual distortion have been found. This paper describes research investigating the effectiveness of various VE navigation aids in overcoming inherent VE deficiencies, thereby enhancing VE spatial learning. Sixty-four participants received a guided tour of the third floor of a virtual building, freely explored the environment visiting six named destinations along the way, and then practiced finding each destination in turn. After training, participants were asked to estimate the distance and direction to destinations not in their line of sight, to locate each destination by traveling to it after having been teleported to another destination, and to place room cut-outs on a map outline of the third floor. The only navigation aid that improved performance on these tasks was providing an aerial view of the VE. The effectiveness of the aerial view depended on how the participants used it.
"The U.S. Army has made a considerable investment in the use of virtual environments (VE) to train combat forces, to evaluate new systems and operational concepts, and to rehearse specific missions. While these simulations have predominately focused on training and simulation for mounted soldiers, there is also a need to train infantry and other dismounted soldiers. Although VEs have the potential to immerse dismounted soldiers directly in simulations, there are few successful examples of the use of VE to provide effective training. The effective use of VE for training requires identification of the types of tasks for which VE training is most appropriate, the characteristics of VE systems that are required to provide effective training, and the training strategies that are most appropriate for use with VE. This report presents recommendations for the use of VE for dismounted soldier training and mission rehearsal, and identifies needed future research. They are based on the results of an ARI in-house research program, related programs for which ARI scientists have participated, and the work of other VE researchers. Recommendations include types of tasks for which training in VE is and is not appropriate, interface design recommendations, and ways to reduce side- and after-effects. "-- Report documentation page.
"This report describes the activities and results of the third year culminating event (CE) of the 'Virtual Environments for Dismounted Soldier Simulation, Training and Mission Rehearsal' Science and Technology Objective (STO). This STO is being conducted jointly by the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, the U.S. Army Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation Command (STRICOM), and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. This four-year effort (FY99-FY02) is focused on overcoming critical technological challenges that currently prevent high fidelity dismounted soldier simulation. The objectives of the CE were to integrate and evaluate the technologies developed during the year. The key technologies included: a Dismounted Infantry Virtual After Action Review (AAR) System; new behaviors and improved operator control for Dismounted Infantry Semi-Automated Forces (DISAF); soldier control of DISAF through Voice Recognition and Synthesis; enhancements to the soldier simulator, the Soldier Visualization Station (SVS); an improved locomotion device, the Omni-Directional Treadmill (ODT); a dynamic terrain server; and a Mission Planning and Training Tool (MPTT). The CE provided a realistic and challenging test of the systems and capabilities under development. The results identified both accomplishments and areas in which improvements and corrections are required."--Report documentation page.