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Native Americans are disproportionately affected by motor vehicle and pedestrian crashes. Because of cultural, language and geographic differences, many interventions that have successfully reduced U.S. traffic-related fatalities and injuries are not effective for tribal communities. This publication discusses how tribes can use traffic safety laws and enforcement, road design and Safe Communities programs and offers suggestions for tribal leaders, state legislators, traffic safety advocates, public health professionals and others to consider when planning traffic safety interventions on tribal lands--Publisher's description.
Nationally, the annual motor vehicle crash (MVC) mortality rates for American Indians per 100,000 persons have been three to four times greater than the general public. This trend has also been consistently evident in Arizona. The annual MVC mortality rates for American Indians in Arizona per 100,000 persons have been three times higher than the statewide population. The project purpose was to identify methods for assisting tribes to develop capacity in five areas: 1) Decision Making; 2) Data Collection, Storage, Maintenance, and Integration with Other Programs; 3) Equipment and Software; 4) Project Prioritization; and 5) Project Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The approach used to conduct the research was described in the Tribal Highway Safety Improvement Program Model and Guidelines. [21] The four-task model and nine policy and technical guidelines were developed in 2004 by the research team from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc. (ITCA) as a planning resource for tribes and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to consider when establishing a Tribal Highway Safety Improvement Program (THSIP) or eliminating roadway hazards on tribal lands.
Part 1. Overview and self assessment. chapter 1. Self-assessment for state agencies -- chapter 2. Self-assessment for tribes -- part 2. Guide for effective tribal crash reporting. chapter 1. Establishing and maintaining communication and relationship between tribes and states -- chapter 2. Tribal crash data collection system -- chapter 3. State-tribal crash data sharing -- chapter 4. Improving tribal traffic safety using crash data -- part 3. Reference and source materials. References -- Abbreviations, acronyms, initialisms, and symbols -- appendix A. memorandum of understanding example -- appendix B. Case study flyers -- appendix C. Promotional flyer -- appendix D. Useful references.
The need to reduce fatal and injury crashes on Tribal lands has been recognized for years. The U.S. has realized a decline in fatal crashes over the past several years, but fatal crashes continue to increase on Tribal lands. Limited resources, lack of crash data and little coordination across jurisdictions has made it difficult for Native American communities to address their roadway safety concerns. A methodology able to address these challenges has been developed and successfully implemented on the Wind River Indian Reservation (WRIR). Key to the success of such a process is collaboration among safety stakeholders, namely the State departments of transportation, Tribal leadership, Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP), Tribal Technical Assistance Program (TTAP), Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and local and Tribal law enforcement. Strategic Highway Safety Plans are used to assist agencies to determine effective safety improvements to their roadways. Crash data is important to properly identify strategies to accomplish their goals. The WRIR has successfully developed a strategic plan utilizing the available crash data, identified ways to improve reporting, and incorporated their safety improvement program into the strategic plan. Statistical models have been used to help researches determine related factors and identify countermeasures to improve roadway safety. Many models have been developed for urban applications and intersections, but few have addressed crashes on rural roadways and apparently none have analyzed crashes on Indian Reservations. This study analyzes crash severity for rural highway systems in Wyoming using a multiple logistic regression model. Four rural highway systems were analyzed for crash severity including the Wind River Indian Reservation (WRIR). Five main effects predictor variables were prevalent in all four crash severity models: crashes involving animals, driver impairment, motorcycles, mean speed and the use of safety equipment. These results validate the concerns of the Tribal communities. Few resources exist that address the livability and sustainability of rural and Tribal communities. In order to improve transportation safety, and other transportation issues in these communities, they need programs that meet their specific needs and culture. This research presents several programs that address livability and sustainability. It identifies the challenges Tribes face in providing opportunities and quality living options. Each Tribe has different goals and priorities that would affect how they define livability. Transportation is a large factor in improving quality of life and economic opportunities in rural and Tribal communities. Roadway safety is a primary goal among Native Americans in their efforts to improve the quality of life among their people.
Transportation safety issues have long plagued Native American and Alaska Native populations. Motor vehicle crash statistics describe fatality rates that are higher among the Native American and Alaska Native populations than the overall population in many states. Motor vehicle crashes are among the leading causes of death for Native Americans and Alaska Natives. An estimated average of 535 Native American and Alaska Native fatalities due to motor vehicle related crashes were reported each year 2010-2014. Additional transportation related deaths are known to occur that are not captured in the available databases. Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) showed 3,278 available fatality reports in Tribal areas from 2010-2014 despite known underreporting. An analysis of these fatality reports revealed several topics that are addressed in this National Tribal Transportation Safety Plan. The topics presented were selected by the Tribal Transportation Safety Management System Steering Committee after review of several data sources. Tribes are strongly encouraged to conduct a similar data analysis and customize a transportation safety plan that describes safety topics most applicable to the Tribe.
There is a systemic inequity in terms of traffic safety between rural and urban areas throughout the nation. Rural, isolated, tribal, and indigenous communities (RITI) communities often need more funding to address transportation safety concerns. However, recent focus on technological improvements in urban areas risks widening this divide, leaving RITI communities further behind. This study aims at investigating solutions to address the problem. In particular, a framework is proposed to address the issue of traffic safety equity. Research efforts are made to follow this framework from outreach to data analysis and visualization. The outreach activities have resulted in data sharing agreements with one tribe in Washington State and paved the road for signing to agreement with another tribe. Descriptive analyses are conducted to gain basic understanding of the data, and crash frequency prediction models are also used to find significant contributing factors in crash occurrence. The results of this model are used to create an index of Crash Reduction Potential, and an online crash mapping application is developed to visualize the index.