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In this survey of international economic thought, Michael Hudson rewrites the history of trade, development and debt theorizing. He shows that mainstream free-trade surveys are censorial in excluding the protectionist logic that has guided the trade policy of Europe and the United States, especially by leaving out discussion of the transfer problem and payment of international debts. He points out that most economists throughout history have focused as much on war financing as on trade and development. Free-trade ideology and IMF-style financial austerity under today's rules, rather than benefiting all parties and maximizing welfare, leave "client" nations severely indebted. By excluding dynamics that used to be central to trade theory such as emigration and technology transfer, today's global production and financial policies tend to concentrate economic and political power in the hands of dominant nations. Prof. Michael Hudson (Economics Department, University of Missouri, Kansas City) is a frequent contributor to The Financial Times, Counterpunch, and Global Research.
An alternative history of the major theoretical concepts that have shaped international economics since mercantilist times. It shows that the policies of laissez-faire and free trade adopted by institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF have had a devastating effect on developing countries, leading to greater polarisation rather than to convergence. The author's analysis demonstrates the importance of debunking economic orthodoxy and reassessing instead the value of protectionist and structuralist approaches to trade and development.
In this survey of international economic thought, Michael Hudson rewrites the history of trade, development and debt theorizing. He shows that mainstream free-trade surveys are censorial in excluding the protectionist logic that has guided the trade policy of Europe and the United States, especially by leaving out discussion of the transfer problem and payment of international debts. He points out that most economists throughout history have focused as much on war financing as on trade and development. Free-trade ideology and IMF-style financial austerity under today's rules, rather than benefiting all parties and maximizing welfare, leave "client" nations severely indebted. By excluding dynamics that used to be central to trade theory such as emigration and technology transfer, today's global production and financial policies tend to concentrate economic and political power in the hands of dominant nations. Prof. Michael Hudson (Economics Department, University of Missouri, Kansas City) is a frequent contributor to The Financial Times, Counterpunch, and Global Research.
An alternative history of the major theoretical concepts that have shaped international economics since mercantilist times. It shows that the policies of laissez-faire and free trade adopted by institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF have had a devastating effect on developing countries, leading to greater polarisation rather than to convergence. The author's analysis demonstrates the importance of debunking economic orthodoxy and reassessing instead the value of protectionist and structuralist approaches to trade and development.
The history of Pakistan's nuclear program is the history of Pakistan. Fascinated with the new nuclear science, the young nation's leaders launched a nuclear energy program in 1956 and consciously interwove nuclear developments into the broader narrative of Pakistani nationalism. Then, impelled first by the 1965 and 1971 India-Pakistan Wars, and more urgently by India's first nuclear weapon test in 1974, Pakistani senior officials tapped into the country's pool of young nuclear scientists and engineers and molded them into a motivated cadre committed to building the 'ultimate weapon.' The tenacity of this group and the central place of its mission in Pakistan's national identity allowed the program to outlast the perennial political crises of the next 20 years, culminating in the test of a nuclear device in 1998. Written by a 30-year professional in the Pakistani Army who played a senior role formulating and advocating Pakistan's security policy on nuclear and conventional arms control, this book tells the compelling story of how and why Pakistan's government, scientists, and military, persevered in the face of a wide array of obstacles to acquire nuclear weapons. It lays out the conditions that sparked the shift from a peaceful quest to acquire nuclear energy into a full-fledged weapons program, details how the nuclear program was organized, reveals the role played by outside powers in nuclear decisions, and explains how Pakistani scientists overcome the many technical hurdles they encountered. Thanks to General Khan's unique insider perspective, it unveils and unravels the fascinating and turbulent interplay of personalities and organizations that took place and reveals how international opposition to the program only made it an even more significant issue of national resolve. Listen to a podcast of a related presentation by Feroz Khan at the Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation at cisac.stanford.edu/events/recording/7458/2/765.
This publication reviews the major financing issues influencing economic development since the historic Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development in 2002. It contains four main chapters under the headings of: international private capital flows; official development financing; external debt; and systemic issues.
This text presents an alternative history of the major theoretical concepts that have shaped international economics since its inception in the mercantilist epoch. Present anti-orthodox views on trade and development, far from being the preserve of a few marginal heretics of each generation, are revealed to have a long and honourable pedigree.
This book presents the step-by-step approach towards a more just and equitable International Economic Order, an equilibrium of interests based on understanding and experience in a rapidly changing world and discusses the problem of foreign debt in the present and a New International Economic Order.