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This volume is a comprehensive introduction to the analysis, binding, uptake, metabolism, kinetics, modeling, distribution, occurrence, toxicity and chelation of metals and fluoride in the body, with special reference to mineralized tissues. Both toxic and relatively harmless polyvalent cations and anions are considered. Included are some which are stable, and others which are radioactive. While a number are essential trace elements, others have no known metabolic role. Most chapters are concerned with the uptake of bone-seeking ions by the living skeleton, but aspects of the post-mortem uptake of metals and the process of fossilization are also considered. Highlighted are the utility of modern analytical techniques and the more important bone-seeking elements including aluminum, lead, cadmium, fluorine and the radioactive heavy metals including uranium and plutonium. This important publication is of particular value to those in the fields of biochemistry, radioactive waste, geology, physiology, dentistry, orthopedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, urology, industrial hygiene, pharmacology, anthropology, paleontology, and archeology.
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
The aim of the atlas is to provide images of taphonomic modifications, making it as comprehensive as possible with evidence presently available. This volume is intended both as a field guide for identifying taphonomic modifications in the field, and for use in the laboratory when collections of fossils are being analyzed. Images in the book are a combination of scanning electron micrographs, regular photographs, cross-sections of bones and line drawings and graphs. By providing good quality illustrations of taphonomic modifications, with links between similar types of modification, the atlas provides a reference source for identifying the agents responsible for the modifications, the processes by which they were formed, and the potential bias introduced by the processes. The authors also aim to emphasize on the directions they consider taphonomic studies should be headed. Firstly, we should seek to quantify the degree of bias introduced into a fossil fauna and to take account of this bias before interpreting the palaeoecology of the fossil site. Secondly, we should recognize that taphonomic modifications increase the information encoded in fossils by identifying perimortem and postmortem contexts. This provides a more dynamic and realistic view of the past.
Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.
Contamination of drinking water is a worldwide problem, and ongoing work is taking place across the globe to address the issues affecting this precious commodity. Focussing on the presence of heavy metals in water, this book addresses the opportunities and challenges of this important area of research. Written and edited by experts working within the area the book highlights new techniques and research methodologies used to treat the widespread issue of dissolved heavy metals in drinking water supplies. The text covers a wide range of topics, including biofilterations, use of nanotechnology against heavy metals, removal of heavy metals using industrial and agricultural waste, use of surfactants, soil degradation and removal of dyes and pigments from industrial effluents. Providing an up-to-date treatise on this developing field, this text will be essential reading for water and environmental scientists, toxicologists, biochemists and regulators, and anyone interested in the treatment and decontamination of the World's drinking water supplies.
You are at risk for osteoporosis. If you are a woman, you're at high risk for osteoporosis -- Why conventional medicine is not the answer for strong bones. The patent medicines prescribed to prevent osteoporosis should be your last choice for healthy bones -- What increases your risk for osteoporosis? What you don't know can give you osteoporosis ; What else increases my risk for osteoporosis ; What men don't know can increase their risk for osteoporosis ; Chances are, you are already losing bone -- How to have strong bones for life. Strong bones for life, naturally -- If I follow these recommendations, what can I expect? How soon will I see results?
A systematic compilation of the latest analytical and methodological approaches to prehistoric hard tissue analysis. Offers an in-depth explanation of rapid advances in the development of new analytical techniques such as computer axial tomography, scanning electron microscopy and computer simulation.