Download Free Toxicity Of Lead And Proposed Substitute Shot To Mallards Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Toxicity Of Lead And Proposed Substitute Shot To Mallards and write the review.

Poisoning of North American waterfowl resulting from the ingestion of lead shot by ducks, geese, and swans causes an estimated annual mortality of 2% to 3% of the population. To alleviate this problem the search for a suitable substitute for lead has been underway since the early 1950's. Proposed substitutes for lead shot were evaluated in a series of acut toxicity tests with pen-reared mallards. Most candidate materials were as toxic to ducks as commercial lead shot. Coating or alloying lead with other materials only delayed mortality among dosed ducks.
A literature review summarizing the effects known to date.