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The 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference marked the golden jubilee of this series of conferences. Held under the auspices of the IUPAP Commission C4, it was hosted by the Space Research Unit of the Department of Physics of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education.The proceedings present the newest developments and highlights of cosmic ray production and propagation, the extragalactic realm now being explored using neutrino and gamma ray astronomy. These fields are strongly related to high energy physics.
The `International Heidelberg Workshop on TeV Gamma-Ray Astrophysics' brought together astrophysicists from the various fields which play a role in the formation of high energy gamma-ray emission. In particular, theoretical and observational aspects of the physics and astrophysics of pulsars and quasars, the acceleration of particles at Supernova Remnants and other strong astrophysical shock fronts, and cascade processes in universal background photon fields were comprehensively discussed in more than thirty reviews by leading experts. In their entirety these reviews describe the birth of a new field of astronomy. This field concerns cosmic gamma-rays of very high energy which are observed with ground-based optical telescopes due to the Cherenkov emission of the secondary particles created by the interaction of these gamma-rays with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere. Beyond that, the workshop encompassed the latest developments and trends in theory and observation of cosmic gamma-ray sources of all energies, from nuclear gamma-ray lines in the MeV-region, through the Bremsstrahlung, Inverse Compton, and pion decay continuum emission, to gamma-rays due the decay of exotic relics from the early Universe. Audience: Specialists as well as students in physics and astrophysics and young research workers.
This volume covers many different subjects, from very high energy cosmic rays to neutrino physics, gravitational waves and cosmology. Recent achievements and the exciting years to come are emphasized.
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays carry information about their sources and the intervening medium apart from providing a beam of particles for studying certain features of high energy interactions currently inaccessible at man-made accelerators. They can at present be studied only via the extensive air showers (EAS's) they generate while passing through the Earth's atmosphere, since their fluxes are too low for the experiments of limited capability flown in balloons and satellites. The EAS is generated by a series of interactions of the primary cosmic ray and its progeny with the atmospheric nuclei. The exponential nature of the atmosphere spreads the air showers laterally over several hundreds of meters, thus enabling ground-based arrays of relatively inexpensive detectors to record and study them.This book describes the EAS phenomenology, the detectors and techniques used, and the latest results on the energy spectrum and composition of the primaries of EAS's and the results on high energy interactions obtained from EAS studies. It also describes the new TeV and PeV gamma ray astronomy (which has been developing over the past decade) and the newly emerging neutrino astronomy, which are related to the origin of cosmic rays.This book serves as an introduction as well as a reference for researchers in the field.
Get a FREE first edition facsimile with each copy of the 85th! Researchers around the world depend upon having access to authoritative, up-to-date data. And for more than 90 years, they have relied on the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics for that data. This year is no exception. New tables, extensive updates, and added sections mean the Handbook has again set a new standard for reliability, utility, and thoroughness. This edition features a Foreword by world renowned neurologist and author Oliver Sacks, a free facsimile of the 1913 first edition of the Handbook, and thumb tabs that make it easier to locate particular data. New tables in this edition include: Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals Upper and Lower Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures Critical Solution Temperatures of Polymer Solutions Density of Solvents as a Function of Temperature By popular request, several tables omitted from recent editions are back, including Coefficients of Frictionand Miscibility of Organic Solvents. Ten other sections have been substantially revised, with some, such as the Table of the Isotopes and Thermal Conductivity of Liquids, significantly expanded. The Fundamental Physical Constants section has been updated with the latest CODATA/NIST values, and the Mathematical Tables appendix now features several new sections covering topics that include orthogonal polynomials Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, and statistics.