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Since the mid-seventies, electric utilities were faced with escalating construction costs, growing environmental plus siting constraints and increasing uncertainty in demand forecasting. To cope with the increasing demand for energy services, utilities can either invest in supply-side options (new generation, transmission and distribution facilities) or in demand-side options. Demand-side options include, policies, programmes, innovative pricing schemes and high-efficiency end-use equipment (equipment providing the same or better level of services but using less energy or peak power). Recent experience in both North America and Europe show that demand-side options are usually cheaper and less damaging from the environmental point of view, and also their potential can be tapped in a shorter term than other supply-side options. This workshop was directed at the discussion and analysis of cost-effective methodologies to achieve the supply of electric energy services at minimum cost and minimum environmental impact. The programme included new developments in power planning models which can integrate both supply-side and demand-side actions. Quantitative assessments of the environmental impact of different supply-demand strategies were analyzed. Planning models which deal with uncertainty and use multicriteria approaches were presented. Case studies and experiments with, innovative concepts carried out by utilities in several countries were discussed. Load modelling and evaluation of demad-side programmes was analyzed. Additionally, the potential for electricity savings in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors was presented. New research directions covering planning models, programmes and end-use technologies were identified.
The design, development, and use of suitable enterprise resource planning systems continue play a significant role in ever-evolving business needs and environments. Enterprise Resource Planning: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications presents research on the progress of ERP systems and their impact on changing business needs and evolving technology. This collection of research highlights a simple framework for identifying the critical factors of ERP implementation and statistical analysis to adopt its various concepts. Useful for industry leaders, practitioners, and researchers in the field.
This book describes concepts and tools needed for water resources management, including methods for modeling, simulation, optimization, big data analysis, data mining, remote sensing, geographical information system, game theory, conflict resolution, System dynamics, agent-based models, multiobjective, multicriteria, and multiattribute decision making and risk and uncertainty analysis, for better and sustainable management of water resources and consumption, thus mitigating the present and future global water shortage crisis. It presents the applications of these tools through case studies which demonstrate its benefits of proper management of water resources systems. This book acts as a reference for students, professors, industrial practitioners, and stakeholders in the field of water resources and hydrology.
Integrated Water Resource Planning provides practical, evidence-based guidance on water resource planning. In a time of heightened awareness of ecosystem needs, climate change, and increasing and conflicting demands on resources, water professionals and decision-makers around the world are on a steep learning curve. This book presents an international examination of water reform experiences, and provides lessons in how to manage environmental uncertainties, long term management, and increase in demand. It breaks the process down into a series of common steps, applies program logic and evaluation theory, and discusses best practices in assessment, decision making and community engagement. Importantly it recognises the large variation in available knowledge and capacity, risk and scale, and discusses a range of approaches that can be used for different circumstances. The book will fill in the gaps for professionals in interdisciplinary teams including sociologists, hydrologists, engineers, ecologists, and community consultation specialists, by providing a basic grounding in areas outside their usual expertise, and will provide ammunition to community stakeholders in their quest to ensure that water planning outcomes are justified and justifiable. Case studies provide an understanding of the context, practical tools and implementation techniques for achieving sustainable outcomes, and the multi-disciplinary approach and insights offered in this book will be transposable and instructive for water professionals worldwide.