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La discusión académica y práctica en torno a si las empresas deben ser sancionadas por los delitos de sus empleados y, en su caso, en qué medida deben serlo, es valorada y regulada de modo diverso en los distintos ordenamientos jurídicos: desde la ausencia de sanciones, pasando por modelos de sanciones administrativas, hasta un modelo sancionatorio penal en sentido estricto. Las contribuciones impresas en este libro, publicado como parte de una colección sobre problemas actuales del Derecho penal económico, recogen las principales discusiones en torno a los fundamentos filosóficos de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en la ciencia jurídico-penal alemana y española.
Los fundamentos clásicos de la máxima 'societas delinquere non potest'; La idea de sociedad y el concepto de sujeto en la sociología y la ética material como fundamento de la dogmática del finalismo; La normativización de los conceptos dogmáticos en el ma
Cualquiera de los aspectos abordados por la LO 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, de reforma del Código Penal, es más que idóneo para reflexionar sobre los fundamentos y la justificación de un Derecho penal que empieza a dejar de serlo. Sin embargo, el reto que plantea el régimen de responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas para la teoría del delito, resulta especialmente sugestivo. A él se dedica la presente monografía. La autora se centra en el estudio de las circunstancias atenuantes del art. 31 quáter del Código Penal, como base sobre la que incidir en cuestiones como la viabilidad de considerar a las personas jurídicas verdaderos sujetos de Derecho penal, a quienes sancionar por un hecho propio y al margen del merecimiento. Son cuestiones con importantes consecuencias prácticas, tal y como se refleja a lo largo de todo el escrito. La obra parte de un estudio sobre el sistema vigente y la última jurisprudencia sobre el sistema de responsabilidad de las personas jurídicas. Después, ofrece un marco general desde el que reinterpretar dicho sistema, a la luz del régimen de atenuación de las sanciones corporativas. Por último, analiza cada una de las circunstancias atenuantes en concreto, incidiendo en las implicaciones prácticas de su implementación. Uno de los principales méritos de la presente obra es que en todo momento el análisis está guiado por la experiencia de Derecho comparado. La autora profundiza en el Derecho federal de Estados Unidos y en los ordenamientos alemán, italiano y chileno, como referentes inexcusables con los que atender a la novedad que la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas ha supuesto para nuestro Derecho penal. Sin duda, este estudio constituye una de las principales monografías relativas a lo que, por el momento, se presenta como el "tema de moda" tanto en la práctica forense y jurisprudencial, como en las contribuciones de la dogmática penal.
"The conference was organized by the Internationale Vereinigung für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie (International Association for the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy) – IVR and by a Associação Brasileira de Filosofia do Direito e de Sociologia do Direito (Brazilian Association for Philosophy of Law and Sociology of Law) – ABRAFI andtook place in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais’ Campus, from July 21 through July 27, 2015. The papers published in the Proceedings were presented during the Conference in many Working Groups and Special Workshops, which represent the significant diversity of themes and subjects discussed by the participants from all over the world. They express the high leveled research and the creative endeavor of each author, and help us to understand the broad and distinct perspectives in order to understand Law from the standpoint of the main theme of this Conference: Human Rights, Rule of Law and the Contemporary Social Challenges in Complex Societies." – Editors.
Amongst the novel objects that attracted my attention during my stay in the United States, nothing struck me more forcibly than the general equality of conditions. I readily discovered the prodigious influence which this primary fact exercises on the whole course of society, by giving a certain direction to public opinion, and a certain tenor to the laws; by imparting new maxims to the governing powers, and peculiar habits to the governed. I speedily perceived that the influence of this fact extends far beyond the political character and the laws of the country, and that it has no less empire over civil society than over the Government; it creates opinions, engenders sentiments, suggests the ordinary practices of life, and modifies whatever it does not produce. The more I advanced in the study of American society, the more I perceived that the equality of conditions is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived, and the central point at which all my observations constantly terminated. I then turned my thoughts to our own hemisphere, where I imagined that I discerned something analogous to the spectacle which the New World presented to me. I observed that the equality of conditions is daily progressing towards those extreme limits which it seems to have reached in the United States, and that the democracy which governs the American communities appears to be rapidly rising into power in Europe. I hence conceived the idea of the book which is now before the reader. It is evident to all alike that a great democratic revolution is going on amongst us; but there are two opinions as to its nature and consequences. To some it appears to be a novel accident, which as such may still be checked; to others it seems irresistible, because it is the most uniform, the most ancient, and the most permanent tendency which is to be found in history. Let us recollect the situation of France seven hundred years ago, when the territory was divided amongst a small number of families, who were the owners of the soil and the rulers of the inhabitants; the right of governing descended with the family inheritance from generation to generation; force was the only means by which man could act on man, and landed property was the sole source of power. Soon, however, the political power of the clergy was founded, and began to exert itself: the clergy opened its ranks to all classes, to the poor and the rich, the villein and the lord; equality penetrated into the Government through the Church, and the being who as a serf must have vegetated in perpetual bondage took his place as a priest in the midst of nobles, and not infrequently above the heads of kings. The different relations of men became more complicated and more numerous as society gradually became more stable and more civilized. Thence the want of civil laws was felt; and the order of legal functionaries soon rose from the obscurity of the tribunals and their dusty chambers, to appear at the court of the monarch, by the side of the feudal barons in their ermine and their mail. Whilst the kings were ruining themselves by their great enterprises, and the nobles exhausting their resources by private wars, the lower orders were enriching themselves by commerce. The influence of money began to be perceptible in State affairs. The transactions of business opened a new road to power, and the financier rose to a station of political influence in which he was at once flattered and despised. Gradually the spread of mental acquirements, and the increasing taste for literature and art, opened chances of success to talent; science became a means of government, intelligence led to social power, and the man of letters took a part in the affairs of the State. The value attached to the privileges of birth decreased in the exact proportion in which new paths were struck out to advancement. In the eleventh century nobility was beyond all price; in the thirteenth it might be purchased; it was conferred for the first time in 1270; and equality was thus introduced into the Government by the aristocracy itself.