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You are about to read the story of a young black man from Okolona, Mississippi who was kicked out of Mississippi's flagship university for protesting against racial discrimination. This journey shows Ole Miss as it was during the 1960s after it was forcibly integrated in a violent struggle that resulted in two people being killed, and it also shows how years after Ole Miss was desegregated, blacks were still not allowed to be on the faculty, barred from participation in sports and subjected to harassment and discrimination by the faculty and students. This narrative also chronicles the typical life for blacks in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Era from the 1950s to the 1970s.I was one of eight black students who was kicked out of Ole Miss in 1970 for “disorderly conduct” because we stood up and fought against racism. All eight of our lives were affected in different ways, but for most of us we were able to pick up the pieces and make something positive out of a bad situation. For me, I was an honor student at Ole Miss and had already decided to pursue law as a profession even before I enrolled at Ole Miss. My experiences at Ole Miss prompted me to become a Civil Rights Attorney in order to fight against racial discrimination and injustices in Mississippi.Ole Miss is located about an hour's drive from Okolona, but this was not the reason I wanted to attend. Nor did I attend because I was a radical or wanted to break down barriers of discrimination. I chose to attend Ole Miss in order to get a good education from Mississippi's finest university in hopes of becoming an affluent lawyer who would spend his good life in California, but my journey ended quite differently. I got caught up in the struggle during my second year of college, and before I knew it, I was a black militant whose mission was to end racial discrimination at Ole Miss “by any means necessary”. As a black militant, I burned every confederate flag I could get my hands on and even conspired to burn buildings. I was a bona fide black militant, was proud of my militancy and to make sure that everyone knew I always wore an African dashiki, combat boots, dark shades and black beret. As a black militant at Ole Miss, I now confess that I was full of rage and anger and committed acts that were serious, dangerous and even unlawful. I was angry with Ole Miss, the State of Mississippi, the United States of America and even God.In the fall of 1970, after we were thrown out of Ole Miss, I enrolled at Tougaloo College near Jackson, Mississippi where I graduated as an honor student in 1971. After college I enrolled in the expedited law school program at the University of Michigan Law School and graduated from there in 2 years at the age of 22. Immediately after graduation from law school, I returned to Mississippi to re-engage in the Civil Rights struggle with plans of engaging in Civil Rights for two years.When I returned to Mississippi to practice Civil Rights, the rage and anger that I experienced at Ole Miss was re-ignited; however, I decided that I was going to do everything according to the law. This was after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 barring employment discrimination, the Civil Voting Rights Act of 1965 which prohibited discrimination in voting and the Housing Acting of 1968 which prohibited discrimination in housing, yet Mississippi was still trying to hold onto its past racist ways. I was prepared to sue anybody or any institution that discriminated against or mistreated blacks. The first lawsuit that I filed was against the owner of an office building in Tupelo where I eventually located my office on Main Street in Tupelo, Mississippi. Fear was not a factor with me. I was like a patriotic soldier who was willing to put his life on the line for the greater good.
The unforgettable memoir of a woman at the front lines of the civil rights movement—a harrowing account of black life in the rural South and a powerful affirmation of one person’s ability to affect change. “Anne Moody’s autobiography is an eloquent, moving testimonial to her courage.”—Chicago Tribune Born to a poor couple who were tenant farmers on a plantation in Mississippi, Anne Moody lived through some of the most dangerous days of the pre-civil rights era in the South. The week before she began high school came the news of Emmet Till’s lynching. Before then, she had “known the fear of hunger, hell, and the Devil. But now there was . . . the fear of being killed just because I was black.” In that moment was born the passion for freedom and justice that would change her life. A straight-A student who realized her dream of going to college when she won a basketball scholarship, she finally dared to join the NAACP in her junior year. Through the NAACP and later through CORE and SNCC, she experienced firsthand the demonstrations and sit-ins that were the mainstay of the civil rights movement—and the arrests and jailings, the shotguns, fire hoses, police dogs, billy clubs, and deadly force that were used to destroy it. A deeply personal story but also a portrait of a turning point in our nation’s destiny, this autobiography lets us see history in the making, through the eyes of one of the footsoldiers in the civil rights movement. Praise for Coming of Age in Mississippi “A history of our time, seen from the bottom up, through the eyes of someone who decided for herself that things had to be changed . . . a timely reminder that we cannot now relax.”—Senator Edward Kennedy, The New York Times Book Review “Something is new here . . . rural southern black life begins to speak. It hits the page like a natural force, crude and undeniable and, against all principles of beauty, beautiful.”—The Nation “Engrossing, sensitive, beautiful . . . so candid, so honest, and so touching, as to make it virtually impossible to put down.”—San Francisco Sun-Reporter
This book of biographical sketches of notable African Americans from Mississippi includes a total of 166 figures, all who have made significant contributions. Black history makers are defined herein as those who have achieved national prominence in their fields, who have made lasting contributions within the state as pioneers in their fields, or who contributed to their own communities or fields as role models. Each of those included in the book either was born in Mississippi, spent a part of their childhood there, or migrated to Mississippi and remained. History makers covered include Hiram R. Revels, the first Black US Senator; Blanche K. Bruce, the first Black US Senator to serve a six-year term; political and civil rights leaders such as Aaron Henry, Medgar Evers, and Fannie Lou Hamer; William Johnson, a free Black man from antebellum Natchez; Margaret Murray Washington, wife of Booker T. Washington; Walter Payton, former running back for the Chicago Bears; and contributors to arts and letters such as Leontyne Price, William Grant Still, Margaret Walker Alexander, James Earl Jones, and “Bo Diddley” McDaniel, a pioneer rock-and-roll musician; as well as other notable Black Mississippians. The book is organized into ten thematic sections: politics, civil rights, business, education, performing and visual arts, journalism and literature, military, science/medicine/social work, sports, and religion. And each section is introduced by an historical overview of this field in the state of Mississippi. This book is a valuable reference work for those wishing to assess the contributions of African Americans to the history of Mississippi. Of particular significance is the fact that it is a collection which brings attention to lesser-known figures as well as those of considerable renown.
This book, the first to focus on the integration of the Gulf Coast, is Dr. Gilbert R. Mason's eyewitness account of harrowing episodes that occurred there during the civil rights movement. Newly opened by court order, documents from the Mississippi Sovereignty Commission's secret files enhance this riveting memoir written by a major civil rights figure in Mississippi. He joined his friends and allies Aaron Henry and the martyred Medgar Evers to combat injustices in one of the nation's most notorious bastions of segregation. In Mississippi, the civil rights struggle began in May 1959 with "w
Essays from innovative, leading scholars covering the gamut of the civil rights movement
A true account of one African-American family weaves family legend, history, and sociology to describe the family's farm, community, and relationships, painting a portrait of the South and its rural heritage.
All along the Mississippi--on country plantation landings, urban levees and quays, and the decks of steamboats--nineteenth-century African Americans worked and fought for their liberty amid the slave trade and the growth of the cotton South. Offering a counternarrative to Twain's well-known tale from the perspective of the pilothouse, Thomas C. Buchanan paints a more complete picture of the Mississippi, documenting the rich variety of experiences among slaves and free blacks who lived and worked on the lower decks and along the river during slavery, through the Civil War, and into emancipation. Buchanan explores the creative efforts of steamboat workers to link riverside African American communities in the North and South. The networks African Americans created allowed them to keep in touch with family members, help slaves escape, transfer stolen goods, and provide forms of income that were important to the survival of their communities. The author also details the struggles that took place within the steamboat work culture. Although the realities of white supremacy were still potent on the river, Buchanan shows how slaves, free blacks, and postemancipation freedpeople fought for better wages and treatment. By exploring the complex relationship between slavery and freedom, Buchanan sheds new light on the ways African Americans resisted slavery and developed a vibrant culture and economy up and down America's greatest river.
Traces the monumental battle waged by civil rights organizations and by local people to establish basic human rights for all citizens of Mississippi
A textbook tracing the history of Mississippi from the arrival of the early settlers to the present day.
They stand as unselfconscious as if the photograph were being taken at a church picnic and not during one of the pitched battles of the civil rights struggle. None of them knows that the image will appear in Life magazine or that it will become an icon of its era. The year is 1962, and these seven white Mississippi lawmen have gathered to stop James Meredith from integrating the University of Mississippi. One of them is swinging a billy club. More than thirty years later, award-winning journalist and author Paul Hendrickson sets out to discover who these men were, what happened to them after the photograph was taken, and how racist attitudes shaped the way they lived their lives. But his ultimate focus is on their children and grandchildren, and how the prejudice bequeathed by the fathers was transformed, or remained untouched, in the sons. Sons of Mississippi is a scalding yet redemptive work of social history, a book of eloquence and subtlely that tracks the movement of racism across three generations and bears witness to its ravages among both black and white Americans.