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This book studies various perspectives in the history of European philosophy on the relationship between time and movement. Ever since the pre-Socratic thinker Zeno of Elea linked time and space to understand bodily movement, his so-called paradoxes of motion have remained unsolved. One of his most important critics, the French philosopher Henri Bergson, criticized the usual connection between time and space and established a new way of understanding time as duration (durée). Whereas Zeno presented an objectivist understanding of time, Bergson emphasized its subjectivist meaning. Both contradictory positions seem incompatible, referring to pure intellect (Zeno) on the one hand or pure sensation (Bergson) on the other. Looking at Hegel's Phenomenology, this book shows that the outer and inner consciousness of time became crucial to his principle of movement and change. In his view, time is an integral part of dialectical processes that are historically substantiated. Hegel sought to subordinate pure concepts and ideas so that they would become indispensable moments of the self knowing spirit. Cassirer appreciated the idealism of coming into being but rejected Hegel's concept of the absolute. Instead, he established his philosophy of symbolic forms, in which the development of different perceptions and conceptions of time - from situational affective experience to the mathematical system of relations - determines the direction of the symbolic formation process. In the end, the sensitive concept of time is replaced by the relational concept of natural numbers, in which all here-and-now experiences are embedded. Finally, Bourdieu attempts to reintegrate symbolic forms into social processes. The book reflects on the concepts mentioned here by discussing their pros and cons in order to shed more light on the relationship between time and movement in European thought.
Time, Duration and Change in Contemporary Art presents a major study of time as a key aesthetic dimension of recent art practices. This book explores different aspects of time across a broad range of artistic media and draws on recent movements in philosophy, science, and technology to show how artists generate temporal experiences that resist the standardized time of modernity: Olafur Eliasson's melting icebergs produce fragile temporal ecologies; Marina Abramovic's performances test the durations of the human body; Christian Marclay's The Clock conflates past and present chronologies. This book examines alternative frameworks of time, duration, and change in prominent philosophical, scientific, and technological traditions, including physics, psychology, phenomenology, neuroscience, media theory, and selected environmental sciences. It suggests that art makes a crucial contribution to these discourses not by "visualizing" time, but by entangling viewers in different sensory, material, and imaginary temporalities.
A volume containing original essays from quite diverse fields in mathematics is something of a rarity, especially if renowned scientists show the width of their discipline to the reader. This book is just such a rarity - a veritable gem. It was written to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the mathematical research institute at Oberwolfach. The articles span a range of topics from general reflections on the place of mathematics in contemporary culture to essays dealing with aspects of algebra, analysis, geometry, coding theory, scientific computing and topology. All essays are interrelated, proving the old rule that you can divide and still conquer. A book in which every mathematician or scientist interested in mathematics will find something to take their fancy.
This original book provides an overview of changes in social and fiscal policy since the 1970s, using a unique lifetime simulation approach to analyse how changes in these policies would affect people of low median and high income living in 1979, 1997 and 2008 if they lived their whole lives under the policy rules in place in these years.
Throughout the history, English was changing steadily. Not only was the English grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary being altered over the centuries but also the semantics of lexemes. A major factor that has a considerable impact on the semantics of words is the influence of foreign languages. This study deals with semantic changes due to the Latin influence on the English language in the Early Modern English period. The aim of the analysis is – with the help of the Oxford English Dictionary Online – to determine potential patterns of meaning alterations of English lexemes that were caused by the influx of Latin-derived equivalents, especially on the field of human anatomy, and between the 15th and the 18th century. Moreover, the Early Modern English period is portrayed as well as the roles of Latin and English during that time, also considering the integration of Latin loanwords into English. In order to discuss meaning changes due to Latin influences, a closer look will be taken at language modifications in general, at lexical change and at the various types of semantic change by which English words might have been affected.
What is �The Intertestamental Period: A Climate of Change� all about? Also known as the Silent Years of the Bible, the four-hundred-year period between the Old and New Testament was all but silent. The actions of Alexander the Great, Antiochus Epiphanes, Justin Maccabees, Herod the Great, Cleopatra, Marc Antony Julius Caesar, and many others set the stage for the New Testament events to take place and to be written down for future study and life application. Many shadows of the things to come prophetically spoken about in the Old Testament were found fulfilled at the onset of the New Testament. This book overflows with history, religion, politics, literature, but it also has intrigue, murder, rebellion, with a little bit of insanity mixed in. The events that took place during this era were not considered �in simpler times� or boring by any means. You will discover that The Intertestamental Period was An Optimum Environment for God�s Ultimate Plan.
Within this volume the rapid evolutionary changes currently pervading all telecommunication fields are explored. Changes in teletraffic technology, such as from analog to digital, from dedicated systems to service integrated networks insure a steady increase in teletraffic research activities in the near future. Included in the over 1000 pages of high quality research reports, are six in-depth workshops organized by renown experts in the fields of ATM, stochastic modelling, systems engineering and traffic engineering, future telecom scenarios, teletraffic problems of developing countries, and history of teletraffic. Keynote speakers were given the opportunity of first choices among the papers submitted ensuring excellent quality among the papers included.