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This work covers in some detail the application of neutron scattering to different fields of physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, the earth sciences and engineering. Its goal is to enable researchers in a particular area to identify aspects of their work in which neutron scattering techniques might contribute, conceive the important experiments to be done, assess what is required to carry them out, write a successful proposal for one of the major user facilities, and perform the experiments under the guidance of the appropriate instrument scientist. The authors of the various chapters take account of the advances in experimental techniques over the past 25 years--for example, neutron reflectivity and spin-echo spectroscopy and techniques for probing the dynamics of complex materials and biological systems. Furthermore, with the third-generation spallation sources recently constructed in the United States and Japan and in the advanced planning stage in Europe, there is an increasing interest in time-of-flight techniques and short wavelengths. Correspondingly, the improved performance of cold moderators at both reactors and spallation sources has extended the long-wavelength capabilities. Chapter authors are pre-eminent in their field Seminal experiments are presented as examples Provides guidance on how to plan, execute and analyse experiments
This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the fundamental theory and applications of slow-neutron scattering.
Providing a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the theory and applications of slow-neutron scattering, this detailed book equips readers with the fundamental principles of neutron studies, including the background and evolving development of neutron sources, facility design, neutron scattering instrumentation and techniques, and applications in materials phenomena. Drawing on the authors' extensive experience in this field, this text explores the implications of slow-neutron research in greater depth and breadth than ever before in an accessible yet rigorous manner suitable for both students and researchers in the fields of physics, biology, and materials engineering. Through pedagogical examples and in-depth discussion, readers will be able to grasp the full scope of the field of neutron scattering, from theoretical background through to practical, scientific applications.
It is shown by simple first-order geometric arguments that for a given resolution, the flux on sample in a small-angle scattering instrument is independent of the form of the collimator or of the length of the instrument. Count rate may be increased by increasing the sample size, through the use of multi-aperture systems. In second order, it is shown to be advantageous to place the beam defining elements as close as possible to the source and the sample. The multiple-pinhole system gives maximum flux on small samples but has non-uniform illumination so that intensity increases only about half as fast as sample area. Soller slits and continuous tubes from source to sample were also considered, but neutron scattering and reflection from surfaces generate a large halo. Monte-Carlo simulations confirm these results, with the conclusion that the optimum collimator configuration is the multiple-pinhole system. 4 refs., 4 figs.