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Thurgood Marshall turned a law school rejection based on his race into a passion for ending our nation’s policy of “separate but equal.” He was on the legal team that won the landmark Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case and used that victory as a precedent to topple other racial barriers. He furthered racial reforms after being named our nation’s first black Supreme Court justice.
After slavery ended, former slaves gained greater access to education, and free schools became available to children and adults. Over time, free schooling for African Americans in the South began to decrease, and the South became completely segregated. To make matters worse, in the court case Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal. Believing the ruling was unconstitutional, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) hired lawyers like Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall to fight against segregation in schools. The NAACP started to look for African American parents who had children in public schools that were not equal to white schools. The five cases that make up Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, were heard by the Supreme Court. The Court s 1954 ruling completely changed the direction of American education.
After slavery ended, former slaves gained greater access to education, and free schools became available to children and adults. Over time, free schooling for African Americans in the South began to decrease, and the South became completely segregated. To make matters worse, in the court case Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal. Believing the ruling was unconstitutional, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) hired lawyers like Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall to fight against segregation in schools. The NAACP started to look for African American parents who had children in public schools that were not equal to white schools. The five cases that make up Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, were heard by the Supreme Court. The Court's 1954 ruling completely changed the direction of American education. Book jacket.
Today, integration is as much a part of America's public school system as Friday night football and complaints about cafeteria food. But America has not always opened the doors of its schools to all races. School integration occurred through the tireless efforts of countless men and women - some white, many black - who took their ideals and dreams about America and what it represents and worked to make them not only the law of the land, but acceptable to the vast majority of citizens. Here is the story of the relentless legal campaign launched by the NAACP civil rights organization and a persistent black lawyer named Thurgood Marshall, and how it changed history forever. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century.
Examines the case of an African American girl whom the Board of Education refused admission into school.
Publisher Description
2004 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Court's unanimous decision to end segregation in public schools. Many people were elated when Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in May 1954, the ruling that struck down state-sponsored racial segregation in America's public schools. Thurgood Marshall, chief attorney for the black families that launched the litigation, exclaimed later, "I was so happy, I was numb." The novelist Ralph Ellison wrote, "another battle of the Civil War has been won. The rest is up to us and I'm very glad. What a wonderful world of possibilities are unfolded for the children!" Here, in a concise, moving narrative, Bancroft Prize-winning historian James T. Patterson takes readers through the dramatic case and its fifty-year aftermath. A wide range of characters animates the story, from the little-known African Americans who dared to challenge Jim Crow with lawsuits (at great personal cost); to Thurgood Marshall, who later became a Justice himself; to Earl Warren, who shepherded a fractured Court to a unanimous decision. Others include segregationist politicians like Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas; Presidents Eisenhower, Johnson, and Nixon; and controversial Supreme Court justices such as William Rehnquist and Clarence Thomas. Most Americans still see Brown as a triumph--but was it? Patterson shrewdly explores the provocative questions that still swirl around the case. Could the Court--or President Eisenhower--have done more to ensure compliance with Brown? Did the decision touch off the modern civil rights movement? How useful are court-ordered busing and affirmative action against racial segregation? To what extent has racial mixing affected the academic achievement of black children? Where indeed do we go from here to realize the expectations of Marshall, Ellison, and others in 1954?
Thurgood Marshall is best known for being the first African-American Supreme Court justice. However, he also was the lawyer who successfully overturned Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, which desegregated public schools. Court cases that Marshall presided over are analyzed in this text with important historical and biographical information to help students understand this influential American figure.
When Linda Carol Brown's father decided that his daughter should go to the neighborhood, all-white, school instead of taking a bus to a colored school, the stage was set for a Supreme Court case that abolished separate but equal education.
This title will inform readers about Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, segregation in public schools, those involved in the case, and the law applied after the ruling--the fourteenth amendment. Vivid details, well-chosen photographs, and primary sources bring this story and this case to life. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Core Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.