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Education is among the strongest socioeconomic predictors of health and mortality. However, the social nature of the relationship of education and health is rarely taken into account. The first chapter of the dissertation looks into how macrosocial context can influence this association. I investigate the changes in the educational gradient in health in Russia in the 2000s using two waves of WHO SAGE survey to show some suggestive evidence that the educational gradients are narrowing following the socioeconomic changes in Russia during the decade, at least for some measures of health. Household and family level social structure is also a significant explanatory factor that mediates the association of education and health. In the second chapter, I use data from the 11 waves of HRS to show that spousal education is an important factor in predicting health outcomes net of one's own education. In particular, I demonstrate how health benefits of having an educated wife appear to accumulate over time, while health benefits of an educated husband are more closely related to contemporaneous measures. Additionally, I observe that the effects of spousal education on mortality and self-rated health are manifested differently. The association between education and self-rated health is present even when mediating variables are controlled for, while the effect becomes insignificant for mortality measures. Finally, the third chapter shows how family level social characteristics (namely, spousal education) can interact with macro level social structure (country context) in forming health outcomes. I use data from 18 countries collected using comparable methodologies (HRS sister studies harmonized by the Global Gateway to Aging project). The results show that welfare regimes in the countries have some predictive power for explaining educational gradients in health, and more egalitarian countries do show less steep gradients. Importantly, however, country-specific context is a stronger predictor of the effects of spousal education on women's health. Men, on the other hand, benefit more similarly from the higher educational attainment of their wives in different countries.
Designed for students who are taking a preliminary course in the counseling field, Introduction to the Counseling Profession, 7th Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the history and foundational concepts of counseling, offering the most current and relevant breadth of coverage available from experts in their respective fields. This edition includes topics rarely discussed in introductory texts, such as self-care and self-growth and the use of technology in counseling, as well as a new chapter on crisis counseling. Chapters also reflect updates to the 2016 Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) standards, and a chapter on each CACREP specialization is included. Students will gain insight into the myriad issues that surround not only the process of counseling and its many populations but also the personal dynamics that have an impact on this process. Furthermore, a collection of supplemental resources is available online to benefit both instructors and students. Instructors will find PowerPoint slides and test banks to aid in conducting their courses, and students can access chapter summaries, exercises, and other tools to supplement their review of the material in the text.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
This bestselling book provides an accessible introduction to the concepts and practicalities of research methods in health and health services.
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The fourth edition of Human Behavior in the Social Environment takes a life course perspective to give a concise, compact treatment of human behavior. This edition includes the DSM - 5, the 2015 EPAS competencies, and a new chapter that explores the future of social work and some of the emerging issues facing the profession. The text also comes with a rich companion website that includes support materials and six unique cases that encourage students to learn by doing and to apply their knowledge of human behavior to best practices. Go to www.routledgesw.com to explore the cases and additional resources.
The Handbook of Social Status Correlates summarizes findings from nearly 4000 studies on traits associated with variations in socioeconomic status. Much of the information is presented in roughly 300 tables, each one providing a visual snapshot of what research has indicated regarding how a specific human trait appears to be correlated with socioeconomic status. The social status measures utilized and the countries in which each study was conducted are also identified.QUESTIONS ADDRESSED INCLUDE THE FOLOWING: - Are personality traits such as extraversion, competitiveness, and risk-taking associated with social status? - How universal are sex differences in income and other forms of social status? - What is the association between health and social status? - How much does the answer vary according to specific diseases? - How well established are the relationships between intelligence and social status? - Is religiosity associated with social status, or does the answer depend on which religion is being considered? - Are physiological factors correlated with social status, even factors involving the brain? - Finally, are there as yet any "universal correlates of social status"?
This is the first comprehensive Handbook to examine the various models of stress, coping, and health and their relevance to nursing and related health fields. No other volume provides a compendium of key issues in stress and coping for the nursing and allied health professions. In this new edition, the authors assembles a team of expert practitioners and scholars in the field to present the broad range of issues that relate to stress and health such as response-oriented stress, stimulus-oriented stress, stress, coping, .