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Effort is geared towards development of large-scale nonlinear ground-structure seismic response simulations. Mechanisms to allow for modeling of transmitting boundaries are incorporated, mainly relying on the Domain Reduction Method (DRM) approach. Parallel computing is employed to permit the execution of these large-scale simulations. A range of geometric configurations are addressed in order to explore various aspects of the involved seismic response characteristics. The OpenSees computational platform is employed throughout. To accommodate nonlinear response and soil/structure element stiffness considerations, an implicit time integration scheme is adopted. This scheme poses severe limitations on the number of parallel computing processors that can be used with reasonable efficiency (due to the required taxing communications between the different processors). Within the available constraints on time and computing resources, and the necessary additional OpenSees parallel-implementation machine-specific adaptions, the conducted DRM investigations mostly employed a soil domain 3D 8-node brick element of a 20 m side length (with about 150,000 such elements in the mesh). Consequently, severe limitations are imposed on the frequency content of the propagated seismic waves and the resulting system response. Future extensions in this direction of research can build solidly on the developments in this report and provide more accurate higher frequency system response. Significant attention is given to the simulation of a large-scale highway interchange system under seismic loading. A three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element model of an existing bridge interchange at the intersection of Interstates 10 and 215 (San Bernardino, CA) is developed. This interchange consists of three connectors at different bridge superstructure elevations. Initial focus is placed on modeling the three bridges, evaluation of vibration properties, and validation of one of the bridge models (North-West connector, NW) based on available earlier recorded earthquake response. A strategy to incorporate the above bridge structural models into a bridge-foundation-ground system (BFGS) is implemented based on the Domain Reduction Method (DRM) as developed by Bielak and his co-workers. A numerical implementation of this DRM by Petropolous and Fenves is employed and adapted as the soil domain. In this implementation, seismic waves are propagated from a realistic fault rupture scenario in southern California. As such, the BFGS can include the three-bridge interchange subjected to a 3D seismic excitation scenario. Within this numerical analysis framework, the effect of foundation soils of different stiffness and strength are investigated. The results are compared to the more conventional bridge model response under uniform as well as multi-support base excitation. In addition to this DRM-based implementation, a nonlinear ground-bridge model based on the actual local soil conditions at the interchange is investigated (with the NW only as the super-structure). Efforts include implementation and validation of a classical transmitting boundary at the base of the soil domain. Using this formulation, the BFGS response is compared and validated with earthquake recorded response at the bridge and local site. Under a potential site specific strong ground motion, computed force demands from the employed linear column models are compared to the strength as defined by a representative nonlinear column formulation. Finally, the seismic response of a large rigid structure with different embedment depths is assessed. Dynamic interaction between the structure and the surrounding soil is studied based on changes in soil elastic properties, depth of embedment, and characteristics of input excitation.
Pseudo-static analysis is still the most-used method to assess the stability of geotechnical systems that are exposed to earthquake forces. However, this method does not provide any information about the deformations and permanent displacements induced by seismic activity. Moreover, it is questionable to use this approach when geotechnical systems are affected by frequent and rare seismic events. Incidentally, the peak ground acceleration has increased from 0.2-0.3 g in the seventies to the current value of 0.6-0.8 g. Therefore, a shift from the pseudo-static approach to performance-based analysis is needed. Over the past five years considerable progress has been made in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Design (EGED). The most recent advances are presented in this book in 6 parts. The evaluation of the site amplification is covered in Part I of the book. In Part II the evaluation of the soil foundation stability against natural slope failure and liquefaction is treated. In the following 3 Parts of the book the EGED for different geotechnical systems is presented as follows: the design of levees and dams including natural slopes in Part III; the design of foundations and soil structure interaction analysis in Part IV; underground structures in Part V. Finally in Part VI, new topics like the design of reinforced earth retaining walls and landfills are covered.
Huge earthquakes and tsunamis have caused serious damage to important structures such as civil infrastructure elements, buildings and power plants around the globe. To quantitatively evaluate such damage processes and to design effective prevention and mitigation measures, the latest high-performance computational mechanics technologies, which include telascale to petascale computers, can offer powerful tools. The phenomena covered in this book include seismic wave propagation in the crust and soil, seismic response of infrastructure elements such as tunnels considering soil-structure interactions, seismic response of high-rise buildings, seismic response of nuclear power plants, tsunami run-up over coastal towns and tsunami inundation considering fluid-structure interactions. The book provides all necessary information for addressing these phenomena, ranging from the fundamentals of high-performance computing for finite element methods, key algorithms of accurate dynamic structural analysis, fluid flows with free surfaces, and fluid-structure interactions, to practical applications with detailed simulation results. The book will offer essential insights for researchers and engineers working in the field of computational seismic/tsunami engineering.
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of computational geomechanics, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the 16th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG 2020/21). Contributions include a wide range of topics in geomechanics such as: monitoring and remote sensing, multiphase modelling, reliability and risk analysis, surface structures, deep structures, dams and earth structures, coastal engineering, mining engineering, earthquake and dynamics, soil-atmosphere interaction, ice mechanics, landfills and waste disposal, gas and petroleum engineering, geothermal energy, offshore technology, energy geostructures, geomechanical numerical models and computational rail geotechnics.
Rock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering, and involves a wide variety of topics, from earthquake engineering, blasting, impacts, failure of rock engineering structures as well as the occurrence and prediction of earthquakes, induced seismicity, rock bursts to non-destructive testing and explorations. Rock dynamics has wide applications in civil and infrastructural, resources and energy, geological and environmental engineering, geothermal energy, and earthquake hazard management, and has become one of the most topical areas. 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit contains 8 keynote addresses and 128 regular full papers that were presented at the 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit (2019 RDS, Okinawa, Japan, 7-11 May 2019), a specialized conference jointly organized by the Rock Dynamics Committee of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE-RDC), the Japanese Society for Rock Mechanics (JSRM), and which was supported by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM) and the Turkish National Society for Rock Mechanics (TNSRM). The contributions cover a wide range of topics on the dynamic behavior of rock and rock masses and scientific and engineering applications, and include: - Laboratory tests on Dynamic Responses of Rocks and Rock Masses / Fracturing of Rocks and Associated Strong Motions - Estimation Procedures and Numerical Techniques of Strong Motions Associated with the Rupture of Earth’s Crust and Some Strong Motion - Dynamic Response and Stability of Rock Foundations, Underground Excavations in Rock, Rock Slopes Dynamic Responses and Stability of Stone Masonry Historical Structures and Monuments - Induced Seismicity - Dynamic Simulation of Loading and Excavation - Blasting and machinery induced vibrations - Rockburst, Outburst, Impacts - Nondestructive Testing Using Shock Waves - Case Histories of Failure Phenomenon in Rock Engineering 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit contains the state-of-the-art in rock dynamics, and will be invaluable to professionals and academics interested in the latest advances in new techniques for experiments, analytical and numerical modelling as well as monitoring in dynamics of rocks and rock engineering structures.
Intended primarily for teaching dynamics of structures to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in civil engineering departments, this text is the solutions manual to Dynamics of Structures, 2nd edition, which should proviide an effective reference for researchers and practising engineers. The main text aims to present state-of-the-art methods for assessing the seismic performance of structure/foundation systems and includes information on earthquake engineering, taken from case examples.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
The book focuses on the use of inelastic analysis methods for the seismic assessment and design of bridges, for which the work carried out so far, albeit interesting and useful, is nevertheless clearly less than that for buildings. Although some valuable literature on the subject is currently available, the most advanced inelastic analysis methods that emerged during the last decade are currently found only in the specialised research-oriented literature, such as technical journals and conference proceedings. Hence the key objective of this book is two-fold, first to present all important methods belonging to the aforementioned category in a uniform and sufficient for their understanding and implementation length, and to provide also a critical perspective on them by including selected case-studies wherein more than one methods are applied to a specific bridge and by offering some critical comments on the limitations of the individual methods and on their relative efficiency. The book should be a valuable tool for both researchers and practicing engineers dealing with seismic design and assessment of bridges, by both making the methods and the analytical tools available for their implementation, and by assisting them to select the method that best suits the individual bridge projects that each engineer and/or researcher faces.
Written by respected experts, this book presents essential findings on the Wenchuan earthquake. It establishes a series of time–frequency analysis methods, and subsequently applies them to the layered site, slope, and earth-retaining wall. Further, it examines various cases and their solutions, and shares the results of numerous shaking-table tests and numerical simulations. As such, it is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in the fields of geotechnical engineering and anti-seismic engineering.