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Researchers, graduate students, and practitioners alike will benefit from this state-of-the-art reference. It's the first book to explain in a single volume the essential components of three-dimensional analysis of human movement. Readers will gain a fundamental understanding of methods and technology used to capture, reconstruct, and process 3-D data; concepts and techniques of mechanical and neuromuscular modeling, including robotics; and the application of 3-D analysis. The editors have brought together contributions from international experts to create a technical manual that demonstrates the possibilities and potential pitfalls of 3-D analysis of human movement. More than 140 tables, diagrams, and photos throughout the book illustrate essential content.
Thanks to improvements in motion recording technology and computer data processing, real-time, full-body 3D representations of human locomotions are now possible. This book examines 3D analysis of human locomotion and discusses fundamental aspects of functional anatomy, motor control, and neuroscience applied to locomotion. It provides advice on setting up and operating a gait laboratory along with the essentials of instrumentation and the current modeling techniques for estimating muscle forces.
The importance of measurements for the proper assessment of human locomotion is increasingly being recognized. The fields of application encompass both healthy and pathological locomotion as encountered in rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, kinesiology, sports medicine, and the like. Measurement of Human Locomotion provides an up-to-date des
This book addresses instruments, methodologies and diagnostic methods used to evaluate and diagnose human movement, locomotion and physical status in general. Starting from historical perspective, the idea of understanding human locomotion by applying technical measurement devices and incorporating measurement data into physical representation of gross body movement is presented and explained, an approach known as inverse dynamics. With this approach as a kind of umbrella concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data processing methods are described. Modern instruments to capture body movement by measuring its kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyography (sEMG) are thus described; all systems being used dominantly—if not exclusively—in a movement analysis laboratory setting. Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also examples of movement patterns from selected kinesiological and sports activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical engineering approach to this subject matter. It illustrates how data collected and elaborated by modern engineering technology can complement traditional expert knowledge of a kinesiologist or a medical doctor. The book is applicable in the fields of sports, physical activities, as well as in medical diagnostics and rehabilitation. The examples of this book’s practical application might be in evaluation of efficiency of human gait, in evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue in physical exercise, in biomechanical diagnostics of traumatological conditions requiring orthopaedic treatment and the like. This book can also be used in planning and executing research endeavours, particularly in a clinical context as a reference for various diagnostics procedures. It presents the lecture notes of a course carrying the same name within Medical Studies in English at the University of Zagreb for more than a decade.
Human footprints provide some of the most emotive and tangible evidence of our ancestors. They provide evidence of stature, presence, behaviour and in the case of early hominin footprints, evidence with respect to the evolution of human gait and foot anatomy. While human footprint sites are rare in the geological record the number of sites around the World has increased in recent years, along with the analytical tools available for their study. The aim of this book is to provide a definitive review of these recent developments with specific reference to the increased availability of three-dimensional digital elevation models of human tracks at many key sites. The book is divided into eight chapters. Following an introduction the second chapter reviews modern field methods in human ichnology focusing on the development of new analytical tools. The third chapter then reviews the major footprint sites around the World including details on several unpublished examples. Chapters then follow on the role of geology in the formation and preservation of tracks, on the inferences that can be made from human tracks and the final chapter explores the application of this work to forensic science. Audience: This volume will be of interest to researchers and students across a wide range of disciplines – sedimentology, archaeology, forensics and palaeoanthropology.
Gait analysis is the systematic study of human walking, using the eye and brain of experienced observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles. Since Aristotle’s work on gait analysis more than 2000 years ago, it has become an established clinical science used extensively in the healthcare and rehabilitation fields for diagnosis and treatment. Forensic Gait Analysis details the more recent, and rapidly developing, use of gait analysis in the forensic sciences. The book considers the use of observational gait analysis, based on video recordings, to assist in the process of identification or exclusion. With the increase in use of CCTV and surveillance systems over the last 20 to 30 years, there has been a steady and rapid increase in the use of gait as evidence. Currently, gait analysis is widely used in the UK in criminal investigations, with increasing awareness of its potential use in the US, Europe, and globally. The book details the history of the science, current practices, and of the emergent application to establish best-practice standards that conform to those of other forensic science disciplines. Engagement with the Forensic Science Regulator, and the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences in the UK, and the International Association for Identification has helped to ensure and enhance the quality assurance of forensic gait analysis. However, there remains a fundamental lack of standardized training and methodology for use in evidentiary and investigative casework. This book fills that void, serving as one of the first to describe the current state of practice, capabilities and limitations, and to outline methods, standards of practice and expectations of the gait analyst as a forensic practitioner. Forensic Gait Analysis reflects current research and forensic practice and will serve as a state-of-the-art guide to the use of gait analysis in the forensic context—for both education and training purposes. It will be a welcome addition to the libraries of professionals in the areas of podiatry, gait analysis, forensic video analysis, law enforcement, and legal practice.
Biomechanics and Gait Analysis presents a comprehensive book on biomechanics that focuses on gait analysis. It is written primarily for biomedical engineering students, professionals and biomechanists with a strong emphasis on medical devices and assistive technology, but is also of interest to clinicians and physiologists. It allows novice readers to acquire the basics of gait analysis, while also helping expert readers update their knowledge. The book covers the most up-to-date acquisition and computational methods and advances in the field. Key topics include muscle mechanics and modeling, motor control and coordination, and measurements and assessments. This is the go to resource for an understanding of fundamental concepts and how to collect, analyze and interpret data for research, industry, clinical and sport.
Brain Mechanisms for the Integration of Posture and Movement
Due to progress in the development of communication systems, it is now possible to develop low-cost wearable communication systems. A wearable antenna is meant to be a part of the clothing or close to the body and used for communication purposes, which include tracking and navigation, mobile computing and public safety. Examples include smartwatches (with integrated Bluetooth antennas), glasses (such as Google Glass with Wi-Fi and GPS antennas), GoPro action cameras (with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antennas), etc. They are increasingly common in consumer electronics and for healthcare and medical applications. However, the development of compact, efficient wearable antennas is one of the major challenges in the development of wearable communication and medical systems. Technologies such as printed compact antennas and miniaturization techniques have been developed to create efficient, small wearable antennas which are the main objective of this book. Each chapter covers enough mathematical detail and explanations to enable electrical, electromagnetic and biomedical engineers and students and scientists from all areas to follow and understand the topics presented. New topics and design methods are presented for the first time in the area of wearable antennas, metamaterial antennas and fractal antennas. The book covers wearable antennas, RF measurements techniques and measured results in the vicinity of the human body, setups and design considerations. The wearable antennas and devices presented in this book were analyzed by using HFSS and ADS 3D full-wave electromagnetics software. Explores wearable medical systems and antennas Explains the design and development of wearable communication systems Explores wearable reconfigurable antennas for communication and medical applications Discusses new types of metamaterial antennas and artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) Reviews textile antennas Dr. Albert Sabban holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA (1991), and an MBA from the Faculty of Management, Haifa University, Israel (2005). He is currently a Senior Lecturer and researcher at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Kinneret and Ort Braude Engineering Colleges.