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S2In northern West Virginia, 60-year-old cherry-maple stands were thinned to 75, 60, and 45 percent relative stand density. Analysis of 5-year growth data showed that basal-area growth was not reduced by thinning. Cubic-foot and board-foot volume growth decreased slightly. Individual-tree growth of all trees, dominant/codominant trees, and the 50 largest diameter trees per acre was significantly increased by thinning. Dominant/codominant trees in the 45 percent plots grew about 0.42 inch more in 5 years than those in the control plots. Optimum stand density probably is less than 60 percent relative stand density.S3.
S2In north-centrai West Virginia, previously unmanaged, 60-year-old cherry-maple stands were thinned to 60 percent relative stand density. Thinning reduced mortality, redistributed growth onto fewer, larger stems, and increased individual tree growth. Five-year periodic basal area growth per acre was 1.2 times greater in thinned stands than in unthinned stands. Periodic basal-area growth of individual trees was greater in thinned stands than in controls: 3.0 times for all stems and 1.3 times for dominants and codominants. Relative stand density in the thinned stands increased 1.6 percent annually.S3.
Crop trees were selected and released in a 65-year-old cherry-maple stand in north central West Virginia. Six crop-tree treatments were evaluated. Crop trees were selected based on potential for quality sawtimber and veneer products. Initially, released crop trees averaged 12.5 inches d.b.h. and 80 feet tall and were released an average of 13 feet from the edge of their crown. Five-year stand growth, mortality, and in growth are discussed for the treatments. Tree quality as related to butt-log grade and epicormic branching also are discussed. Detailed information is given for d.b.h. growth as related to degree of crown release. In general, black cherry, free-to-grow crop trees for the 40 and 60 crop-trees-per acre treatments grew 1.0 inch in 5 years. Similar crop trees in the control areas, where tree crowns were not released, grew 0.6 inch during the same period. Growth response increased with an increase in number of sides of the tree crowns released. After 5 years, less than 2 percent of the released crop trees had a reduction in butt-log quality due to epicormic branching.
"Logging costs, product yields, and harvest revenues were determined for three thinning treatments (75, 60, and 45 percent residual stocking) and clearcutting in 60-year-old cherry-maple stands. The study area was logged by a three-man crew using chain saws and a wheeled skidder. Time study and yield data indicated that production rates and costs were similar among the four treatments. Production rates ranged from 18.5 to 19.3 c units per day, depending on the treatment. Total logging costs, including felling, bucking, skidding, loading, hauling, and roads, ranged from $44 to $35 per c unit, decreasing as the cut increased. Sawlog yields ranged from 1,621 to 13,281 board feet per acre (International 1/4-inch rule), while pulpwood yields ranged from 630 to 1,897 cubic feet per acre. Harvest revenues were sufficient to pay for roads and timber sale costs in all treatments except the lightest thinning treatment.S3.