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Just as comprehension strategies have helped millions of students learn to read like proficient readers, they can also help students think like effective test-takers. The authors show how students can use background knowledge, mental images, synthesizing, monitoring, inferring, questioning, and determining of importance to understand the genre of tests and to think through the problems they are given. Instead of engaging in artificial and disconnected activities to cram for upcoming tests, students learn skills and strategies that will serve them throughout their school careers and beyond. Presenting numerous classroom vignettes featuring students in grades 3-8, "Put Thinking to the Test" includes: (1) examples of the direct application of thinking strategy instruction to test taking; (2) actual work samples from lessons used with students; (3) additional lesson ideas that go beyond the teaching described in the vignettes; (4) detailed anchor charts; and (5) background on how the authors came to understand this work so that a staff, team, or individual teacher can apply these concepts in their own school setting. This book is divided into three sections. Section I, Wondering About Tests, contains the following chapters: (1) Coming to Know Standardized Tests: Walking in Our Students' Shoes; (2) Tests as a Genre: What Makes Standardized Tests Unique; and (3) Increasing Student Stamina: The Role of Workshop Structures in Becoming Successful Test Takers. Section ii, Thinking About Tests, contains the following chapters: (4) Ask Questions; (5) Create Mental Images; (6) Draw Inferences; (7) Synthesize New Learning and Ideas; (8) Activate, Utilize, and Build Background Knowledge (Schema); (9) Determine the Most Important Ideas and Themes; and (10) Monitor for Meaning and Problem-Solve When Meaning Breaks Down. Section iii, Still Learning About Tests, contains the following chapters: (11) q and A--Weaving Thinking Together with Testing; and (12) Integrity: It's All About Being True to Ourselves and Our Profession. References are also included. [Foreword by Ellin Keene.].
Developed by the Foundation for Critical Thinking, The International Critical Thinking Reading and Writing Test assesses the extent to which students have acquired the reading and writing abilities required for skilled analysis and evaluation. These skills are essential to the educated mind and should be considered core elements of any educational program. Through rubrics, this essay-based test measures the extent to which students can skillfully interpret, analyze, and assess what they read. The test fosters close reading and substantive writing abilities and is designed for secondary and higher education students. As part of the Thinker’s Guide Library, this book advances the mission of the Foundation for Critical Thinking to promote fairminded critical societies through cultivating essential intellectual abilities and virtues within every field of study across the world.
Simply put, Thinking Through Statistics is a primer on how to maintain rigorous data standards in social science work, and one that makes a strong case for revising the way that we try to use statistics to support our theories. But don’t let that daunt you. With clever examples and witty takeaways, John Levi Martin proves himself to be a most affable tour guide through these scholarly waters. Martin argues that the task of social statistics isn't to estimate parameters, but to reject false theory. He illustrates common pitfalls that can keep researchers from doing just that using a combination of visualizations, re-analyses, and simulations. Thinking Through Statistics gives social science practitioners accessible insight into troves of wisdom that would normally have to be earned through arduous trial and error, and it does so with a lighthearted approach that ensures this field guide is anything but stodgy.
How to assess critical aspects of cognitive functioning that are not measured by IQ tests: rational thinking skills. Why are we surprised when smart people act foolishly? Smart people do foolish things all the time. Misjudgments and bad decisions by highly educated bankers and money managers, for example, brought us the financial crisis of 2008. Smart people do foolish things because intelligence is not the same as the capacity for rational thinking. The Rationality Quotient explains that these two traits, often (and incorrectly) thought of as one, refer to different cognitive functions. The standard IQ test, the authors argue, doesn't measure any of the broad components of rationality—adaptive responding, good judgment, and good decision making. The authors show that rational thinking, like intelligence, is a measurable cognitive competence. Drawing on theoretical work and empirical research from the last two decades, they present the first prototype for an assessment of rational thinking analogous to the IQ test: the CART (Comprehensive Assessment of Rational Thinking). The authors describe the theoretical underpinnings of the CART, distinguishing the algorithmic mind from the reflective mind. They discuss the logic of the tasks used to measure cognitive biases, and they develop a unique typology of thinking errors. The Rationality Quotient explains the components of rational thought assessed by the CART, including probabilistic and scientific reasoning; the avoidance of “miserly” information processing; and the knowledge structures needed for rational thinking. Finally, the authors discuss studies of the CART and the social and practical implications of such a test. An appendix offers sample items from the test.
A series of logic problems that have been created by Mensans, with the aim of specifically improving various aspects of logical thought and lateral thinking through puzzle solving and problem confrontation.
The aim of Thinking through Error: The Moving Target of Knowledge is to describe knowledge as it works in our everyday attitude and behavior. Often in life, when making decisions and choices, we do not need to test the truth of our beliefs, so there must be another way to guide ourselves. With this in mind, Antomarini presents ‘thinking through error’ instead of ‘excluding error’. That is, we act through a slow process of guess-work, followed by quick gestures. By using our own uncertainty and our exploratory abilities, we face unpredictable situations and at the same time we acknowledge the constant presence of error in our thinking. Every decision we make continuously determines and replaces an entire universe within which that decision is plausible. Our everyday knowledge is a balance between a feeling of the truth and its negation.
Assure your mastery of medical-surgical nursing knowledge while honing your critical thinking and test-taking skills. The 3rd Edition of this popular resource features over 2,300 questions (including 550 alternate-format questions) that reflect the latest advances in medical-surgical nursing and the latest NCLEX-RN® test plan. They organize the seemingly huge volume of information you must master into manageable sections divided by body systems and specific diseases