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This book provides a basic understanding of spectroscopic ellipsometry, with a focus on characterization methods of a broad range of solar cell materials/devices, from traditional solar cell materials (Si, CuInGaSe2, and CdTe) to more advanced emerging materials (Cu2ZnSnSe4, organics, and hybrid perovskites), fulfilling a critical need in the photovoltaic community. The book describes optical constants of a variety of semiconductor light absorbers, transparent conductive oxides and metals that are vital for the interpretation of solar cell characteristics and device simulations. It is divided into four parts: fundamental principles of ellipsometry; characterization of solar cell materials/structures; ellipsometry applications including optical simulations of solar cell devices and online monitoring of film processing; and the optical constants of solar cell component layers.
Due to increased urgency for alternative energy sources, and because of significant advances in the understanding of materials and devices, thin-film photovoltaics are currently a topic of great importance and are leading candidates for providing affordable energy. This book offers the latest research, scale-up and commercialization advances in the field, focusing on a variety of different and novel materials classes for absorbers and contacts. There is a strong emphasis on future developments of thin-film solar cells, as well as materials issues in scaling up to gigawatt production levels. For the first time, thin-film compound semiconductor photovoltiacs are entering large-scale manufacture and this book reflects the enthusiasm of the materials research community to take on the challenges that this technology will likely see. Topics include: characterization of absorber materials; materials deposition and process monitoring; device modeling and characterization; new materials and devices; grain boundaries and TCOs; commercialization issues; and advanced devices and materials characterization.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
The development of miniaturized systems for chemical and biochemical analysis has grown to the point where lab-on-a-chip devices are now important enabling tools in a diverse array of application areas. As the size of these systems continues to shrink, details of the micro- and nanoscale phenomena associated with their construction and operation must be considered. This book focuses on materials and engineering aspects of lab-on-a-chip devices and the application of microfluidics to materials synthesis. A microfabricated fluidic system integrating biological sample treatment and detection on a single chip offers the promise of low-cost, rapid and high-performance analysis. These devices can perform high-throughput biochemical assays for drug discovery and provide portability for point-of-care diagnostics and biothreat monitoring. Topics include: frontiers in lab-on-a-chip research; materials for lab-on-a-chip; materials synthesis on chip; cell manipulation and biomimetics on chip; porous materials in lab-on-a-chip; sensing and detection on chip - molecular level; sensing and detecting on chip - cells and particles; and sensing and detection on chip - DNA.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.