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Suite à la réforme du droit des sûretés par l'ordonnance du 23 mars 2006, le nantissement de créance a été entièrement refondu. La thèse se propose de mettre fin aux incertitudes qui affectent le régime et l'efficacité de cette sûreté, ainsi que d'envisager la place qu'elle pourrait, demain, occuper en droit français. Compte-tenu de la physionomie qui est aujourd'hui la sienne, et du droit exclusif qu'il confère à son titulaire, le nantissement de créance est à même de s'imposer face aux autres opérations qui lui ont longtemps servi de substitut (cession de créance et délégation). Il pourrait, en outre, s'appliquer aux créances non monétaires (créances de délivrance et créances translatives de biens meubles corporels), ce qui permettrait, par la combinaison de son régime avec le droit du gage, d'accroître encore la souplesse du droit français des sûretés. Son fonctionnement étant à présent particulièrement cohérent et efficace, le nantissement de créance se trouve doté d'un potentiel qui demeure encore largement inexploité.
Policy concepts; Identification of policy issues; Production systems, supply and demand; Market, price and trade policies; Marketing and distribution systems; Budget and manpower planning; Land tenure police for the livestock sector; Policy analysis report writing and communication; Livestock production and marketing in alphabeta - a case study.
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains. Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry. Run an Ethereum client, create and transmit basic transactions, and program smart contracts Learn the essentials of public key cryptography, hashes, and digital signatures Understand how "wallets" hold digital keys that control funds and smart contracts Interact with Ethereum clients programmatically using JavaScript libraries and Remote Procedure Call interfaces Learn security best practices, design patterns, and anti-patterns with real-world examples Create tokens that represent assets, shares, votes, or access control rights Build decentralized applications using multiple peer-to-peer (P2P) components
This is a study of the law governing the bank-customer relationship pertaining to the disposition of funds by cheques and credit transfers, covering both paper-based and electronic payments. The work addresses, with various degrees of detail, common law, civilian, and `mixed' jurisdictions, particularly, Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland and the United States. In addition to the description of the law in these jurisdictions, the book contains an in-depth analysis of the common issues and the responses to them, in light of desired policies. Accordingly, an evaluation of the various rules and proposals for reform are integral parts of the study. The book is divided into four parts. Part I is an overview of the various legal systems and fundamentals in banking and payment law, in an overall historical context. Part II deals with the banking relationship, within which collections and payments occur. It highlights the customer contract, the deposit transaction, the mandate authorizing bank collections and payments, and the debt resulting from entries to the current account. Part III covers the performance of the mandate. It discusses extensively laws governing the payment and collection of cheques and credit transfers, in the context of actual clearing and settlement mechanisms, particularly large-value transfer systems in developed countries. Part IV is on payment systems misuse through fraud, either in theinitiation payments or in misdirecting them. It discusses cheque forgery, unauthorized electronic funds transfers, forged cheques indorsements, and misdirected funds transfers. A unique feature of the work is the integration of a cohesive analytic perspective, both doctrinal and policy-oriented, into a comparative descriptive framework. The book searches for a universal `law merchant' transcending the boundaries of the various legal systems. It is aimed at the banking and payment law specialist and student as well as to the general comparative lawyer. Its focus on both present law and reform makes it useful to both the academic and practising lawyer.
Agricultural English is a collection of essays on the English of Agriculture. The approach is a linguistic one: the different aspects of the English used in the field of agriculture (agricultural practices, agricultural systems) and in some fields related to agriculture (agricultural zoology, agri-tourism, biology, botany, ecology, entomology, gastronomy, land measurement, plant pathology, zoology) are analysed from a morphological (combination, derivation), syntactical (nominal phrases, verbal phrases), lexical and lexicographical, semantic (homonymy, semantic fields, synonymy, terminology), pragmatic (academic discourse, idiom, metaphor), etymological (etymon, Latin heritage), and contrastive (English–Croatian, English–French, English–German, English–Romanian, Romanian–English) points of view. The book will appeal to agriculturists, animal breeders, professors, researchers, students, and translators from Croatian-, English-, French-, German-, and Romanian-speaking countries, active in their own countries or abroad. The types of academic readership it would appeal to include academic teaching staff, researchers and students in the fields of agriculture and related fields – agricultural zoology, agri-tourism, biology, botany, ecology, entomology, gastronomy, land measurement, plant pathology, and zoology.
An Israeli rabbi and scholar conveys the spirit of the Talmud as he treats its composition, traditions, structure, and laws