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Technologies for hazardous waste destruction (including nuclear, hospital and chemical waste) based on thermal plasma processes: state of the art and perspectives. Economic and environmental aspects. Overview of plasma generating devices, diagnostics and modelling. Evaluations of co-products generations, heat and metal recovery, slag vitrification and industrial feasibility.
Technologies for hazardous waste destruction (including nuclear, hospital and chemical waste) based on thermal plasma processes: state of the art and perspectives. Economic and environmental aspects. Overview of plasma generating devices, diagnostics and modelling. Evaluations of co-products generations, heat and metal recovery, slag vitrification and industrial feasibility
The idea of utilizing thermal plasma technology for waste processing goes back to the mid-1970's during the energy crisis. Since then, more interest has been shown by universities, industry, and government in developing thermal plasma waste processing technology for hazardous and non-hazardous waste treatment. Much of the development has occurred outside of the United States, most significantly in Japan and France, while the market growth for thermal plasma waste treatment technology has remained slow in the United States. Despite the slow expansion of the marked in the United States, since the early 1990's there has been an increase in interest in utilizing thermal plasma technology for environmental remediation and treatment in lieu of the more historical methods of incineration and landfilling. Currently within the Department of Defense there are several demonstration projects underway, and details of some of these projects are provided. Prior to these efforts by the U.S. Government, the State of New York had investigated the use of thermal plasma technology for treating PCB contaminated solvent wastes from the Love Canal cleanup. As interest continues to expand in the application of thermal plasma technology for waste treatment and remediation, more and more personnel are becoming involved with treatment, regulation, monitoring, and commercial operations and many have little understanding of this emerging technology. To address these needs, this report will describe: (1) characteristics of plasmas; (2) methods for generating sustained thermal plasmas; (3) types of thermal plasma sources for waste processing; (4) the development of thermal plasma waste treatment systems; and (5) Department of Defense plasma arc waste treatment demonstration projects.
With detailed photos and schematic system diagrams, the Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook provides the latest information on current technologies in the market. Intended as a reference for scientists, engineers, and engineering students, it covers waste-related thermal and non-thermal technologies, separation techniques, and stabilization technologies. It provides an overview of recent waste technologies, for both hazardous chemical wastes and radioactive wastes. By implementing the techniques presented in this book, readers will be able to decide which appropriate technology to use and how to design the equipment for their particular needs.
Plasma processing of materials is a critical technology to several of the largest manufacturing industries in the worldâ€"electronics, aerospace, automotive, steel, biomedical, and toxic waste management. This book describes the relationship between plasma processes and the many industrial applications, examines in detail plasma processing in the electronics industry, highlights the scientific foundation underlying this technology, and discusses education issues in this multidisciplinary field. The committee recommends a coordinated, focused, and well-funded research program in this area that involves the university, federal laboratory, and industrial sectors of the community. It also points out that because plasma processing is an integral part of the infrastructure of so many American industries, it is important for both the economy and the national security that America maintain a strong leadership role in this technology.